Accelerating the Control and Elimination of Major Parasitic Diseases in China — On World NTD Day 2024

   This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of China's progress in combating major parasitic diseases, in alignment with the World Health Organization's roadmap for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) 2021-2030 and the Healthy China 2030 Plan. Highlighting significant advancements, China has demonstrated remarkable success, notably eliminating lymphatic filariasis in 2007 and substantially reducing schistosomiasis, echinococcosis, and soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) prevalence. Innovative control strategies, focusing on infection sources and integrated measures across various sectors, have been pivotal in these achievements. However, challenges remain, including ecological changes and the need for more precise control methods as China approaches the elimination phase for these diseases. The paper emphasizes the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration and the One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health strategies, to effectively meet the WHO's 2030 targets. This research offers valuable insights into the strategic planning and implementation of disease control programs, serving as a model for other countries battling similar health issues.

   For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.021

Analysis of Epidemiological and Issues Encountered in Case Reports on Echinococcosis — China, 2022

   In 2022, China reported a total of 2,711 cases of echinococcosis, a severe zoonotic parasitic disease, across 25 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), marking a continued decline in cases for the third consecutive year. Notably, 1,051 cases involved patients revisiting for treatment, and 105 cases were initially unreported but later confirmed. Echinococcosis primarily affected farmers, herdsmen, houseworkers, and students, with most cases occurring in endemic regions. However, 39 cases were reported in non-endemic PLADs, and 154 in non-endemic counties within endemic PLADs, highlighting the disease's potential to spread beyond traditional areas. The median age of patients was 48 in endemic regions and 38 in non-endemic areas, with no significant gender bias observed. The study also revealed challenges in disease reporting and data accuracy, emphasizing the need for standardized reporting practices in medical institutions. Echinococcosis control efforts face obstacles, such as a lack of public health facilities and awareness in affected communities, coupled with inadequate medical resources. The findings underscore the importance of reinforcing case reporting, especially in non-endemic areas, and call for increased government investment, improved public health infrastructure, and heightened awareness of preventive measures to curb the spread of this debilitating disease.

   For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.022

Laboratory and Semi-Field Evaluation on S-Methoprene Formulations Against Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) — Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China

   In a significant advancement for malaria control, a new study evaluates the efficacy of S-methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue, against the Anopheles sinensis mosquito, a primary malaria vector in Yunnan Province, China. This research, set in the context of rising pesticide resistance among malaria vectors, underscores the urgent need for alternative control strategies. S-methoprene, recognized for its environmental safety and effectiveness against various vectors in the United States since the 1970s, was tested in both laboratory and semi-field conditions in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province. The study found that different formulations of S-methoprene, including a 20% microcapsule suspension and 1% and 4.3% granules, demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting adult mosquito emergence. Under semi-field conditions, these formulations provided up to 100% efficacy for at least 3 days and more than 85% efficacy for at least 14 days. The findings affirm S-methoprene's potent biological activity and safety profile, positioning it as a viable larvicidal tool for controlling An. sinensis in various habitats. This research offers a promising direction in integrated mosquito control, potentially aiding in the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to end malaria epidemics by 2030.

   For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.023