Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue Fever and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors — Yunnan Province, China, 2012–2024

Lihua Chen^1,2,&; Heng Shao^3,&; Dan Li⁴; Ruiqi Ren⁴; Wenqing Bai⁴; Jibo He²; Yihui Cao^2,#; Chao Li^4,#

1. Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand;

2. Epidemic Surveillance and Public Health Emergency Response Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China;

3. Department of Geriatrics, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China;

4. Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.

^& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding author: Yihui Cao, caoyihui88@yncdc.cn; Chao Li, lichao@chinacdc.cn.

This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of dengue fever in Yunnan Province and its relationship with meteorological factors. Circular and spatiotemporal scan analyses were performed to investigate dengue fever, and a negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of dengue fever. The peak period of dengue fever cases in Yunnan Province was from August to October, with clustering observed in border prefectures. Dengue fever in Yunnan Province exhibited distinct spatiotemporal clustering and was significantly influenced by meteorological factors, particularly temperature and precipitation. These findings highlight the importance of multidimensional surveillance and early warning systems.

登革热的时空流行病学特征及其与气象因素的关系 — 云南省，中国，2012–2024 年

陈莉华^1,2,&，邵恒^3,&，黎丹⁴，任瑞琦⁴，白文清⁴，何继波²，曹亿会^2,#，李超^4,#

1. 医学院流行病学系，宋卡王子大学，泰国宋卡府，泰国；

2. 疫情监测与突发公共卫生事件处置中心，云南省疾病预防控制中心，昆明；

3. 老年医学科，云南省第一人民医院，昆明；

4. 公共卫生应急中心，中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院），北京。

^& 共同第一作者。

^# 通信作者: 曹亿会，caoyihui88@yncdc.cn；李超，lichao@chinacdc.cn。

本研究分析 2012–2024 年云南省登革热的时空分布特征，并探讨其与气象因素之间的关系。采用圆形扫描和时空扫描分析方法，对云南省登革热病例的时空聚集性进行分析；运用负二项回归模型评估气象因素对登革热发病的影响。云南省登革热病例高峰主要集中在 8–10 月，在部分边境州（市）存在明显的空间聚集现象。云南省登革热具有显著的时空聚集特征，其流行受气象因素显著影响，尤其与气温和降水量密切相关。因此，有必要构建和完善多维度监测与预警体系，以提升登革热防控能力。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.048

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Surveillance of Rooftop Aedes Breeding Sites Before Dengue Season — Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China, 2024–2025

Zhenyu Huang¹, Siyu He¹, Guandong Xu¹, Wenteng Wang¹, Dengfeng Li¹, Yaocheng Zhong¹, Weiguang Xie^1,#, Lin Xu^2,3,4,#

1. Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Dongguan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China;

2. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China;

3. Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK;

4. School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

^# Corresponding author: Weiguang Xie, cdpc_xwg@dg.gov.cn; Lin Xu, xulin27@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Rooftop water-holding containers are breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes but are often inaccessible for routine surveillance in densely populated urban settings. This study assessed the feasibility and operational value of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveillance prior to the dengue season in Dongguan, China. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted between April and July in 2024 and 2025 in randomly selected villages and communities. A total of 100 rooftops per site were inspected using UAVs. Among households with UAV-identified water-holding containers, 10% were randomly selected for onsite validation. Entomological indices were calculated. No sampling weights were applied. UAVs surveyed 4,700 rooftops and identified water-holding containers in 24.3%. The inspection time averaged 22.2 minutes per 100 rooftops, reducing field workload by 67.7% compared with traditional methods. Storage containers for plant watering accounted for 62.9% of detected containers. On-site validation revealed larvae in 18.2% of containers, with seasonal increases from April to July. No significant interannual differences were observed (P>0.05). UAV-assisted surveillance enhanced operational efficiency and reliably identified rooftop breeding risks. Integrating UAV scanning into routine pre-season vector surveillance and implementing targeted removal of identified containers may strengthen early dengue prevention in urban communities.

登革热季前楼顶伊蚊孳生地的无人机监测研究 — 东莞市，广东省，中国，2024-2025年

黄振宇¹，何思雨¹，徐冠东¹，汪文腾¹，李登峰¹，钟耀成¹，谢伟光^1,#，徐琳^2,3,4,#

1. 消毒与病媒生物预防控制科，东莞市疾病预防控制中心，东莞市，广东省，中国；

2. 公共卫生学院，中山大学，广州市，广东省，中国；

3. 应用健康科学系，伯明翰大学，英国；

4. 公共卫生学院，香港大学，香港特别行政区，中国。

^# 通信作者：谢伟光，cdpc_xwg@dg.gov.cn；谢伟光，xulin27@mail.sysu.edu.cn。

本研究评估在登革热流行季节前，利用无人机对东莞村镇居民楼顶蚊虫孳生地进行调查的可行性。于2024年及2025年4—7月，随机选取东莞市部分村镇开展无人机航拍巡检，每村（社区）调查100户楼顶。对无人机拍摄到楼顶存在可见积水容器的住户，随机抽取10%入户进行现场核实。计算楼顶积水容器指数、布雷图指数、房屋指数和容器指数。无人机巡检共识别4700户楼顶积水容器，平均楼顶积水容器指数为24.3%。每百户楼顶飞行时间为22.2分钟，较传统调查现场工作量减少67.7%。检出的容器类型以浇灌绿植的储水容器为主（62.9%）。对111户家庭的现场验证结果显示，18.2%的容器存在蚊蚴，且4—7月蚊蚴指数呈季节性升高。两个调查年度的蚊媒指数差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），表明无人机检测结果具有良好的可靠性。无人机调查显著减少时间和人力成本。建议将无人机航拍巡检纳入登革热流行季前常规监测，并针对发现的楼顶积水容器开展清理干预，以提升城市蚊媒防控效果。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.049

Establishment and Validation of a Competency-Based Evaluation Indicator System for On-Site Disinfection Service Providers — Shanghai Municipality, China, 2023

Xiaofan Ji¹; Ning Jiang¹; Lyulan Huang¹; Junhua Fan¹; Tingting Shi¹; Xing Zhang¹; Renyi Zhu¹; Jian Chen¹; Huanyu Wu¹; Haiqun Ban^2,#; Liang Tian^1,#

1. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

2. Infection Control Department, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

^# Corresponding authors: Liang Tian, tianliang@scdc.sh.cn; Haiqun Ban, banhaiqun@renji.com.

Effective on-site disinfection of epidemic foci is critical in preventing transmission of infectious diseases. On-site disinfection service providers (ODSP) are a key force in emergency response systems. This study assessed ODSP capabilities and developed a standardized evaluation indicator system to aid managers in provider selection and supervision. A capability evaluation indicator system for ODSP was developed and applied to 88 providers in Shanghai in 2024. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted by correlating capability evaluation scores of ODSP with historical disinfection efficacy to determine the optimal threshold. Kappa consistency analysis evaluated the agreement between the new scoring system and historical performance outcomes. The scoring rates for management systems, material reserves, personnel capability, and quality control were 93.75%, 90.45%, 75.08%, and 51.97%, respectively. ODSP with a history of failed on-site disinfection efficacy evaluations scored significantly lower in personnel capability and quality control than those with consistently passing evaluations (P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the assessment indicators was 0.954 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.898, 1], with an optimal capability score threshold of 70 points. The Kappa coefficient was 0.822. ODSP should further strengthen its quality control measures. There is a significant gap in capability scores among these providers; therefore, a hierarchical certification system should be established. The evaluation indicator system for these providers can serve as a tool to assist in dynamic supervision.

现场消毒服务机构能力评估指标体系的构建与验证 — 上海市，中国，2023年

季晓帆¹；江宁¹；黄绿澜¹；范俊华¹；施婷婷¹；张幸¹；朱仁义¹；陈健¹；吴寰宇¹；班海群^2,#；田靓^1,#

1. 上海市疾病预防控制中心，上海，中国；

2. 感染管理办公室，上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院，上海，中国。

^# 通信作者：田靓，tianliang@scdc.sh.cn；班海群，banhaiqun@renji.com。

有效的疫源地消毒是预防传染病传播的关键环节。随着消毒需求的日益增长，现场消毒服务机构（ODSP）已逐渐成为应急消毒体系的核心力量。本研究旨在评估现场消毒服务机构的能力并构建评估指标体系，为管理者筛选此类机构提供评价工具。本研究构建了现场消毒服务机构能力评估指标体系，并于2024年对上海市88家现场消毒服务机构进行了评估。通过将机构的能力评估得分与历史现场消毒效果评价结果进行关联，绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线以确定最佳阈值，并进行Kappa一致性分析。对88家现场消毒服务机构的评估结果显示：管理制度、物资储备、人员能力和质量控制的得分率分别为93.75%、90.45%、75.08%和51.97%。有过现场消毒效果评价不合格经历的机构，其人员能力和质量控制得分显著低于持续合格的机构（P<0.01）。评估指标的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.954[95% 置信区间（CI）：0.898，1]，最佳阈值确定为70分，Kappa值为0.822。本研究发现，现场消毒服务机构应进一步加强质量控制工作。不同机构之间的能力得分存在显著差距，因此应建立分级分类制度。现场消毒服务机构能力评估指标体系可作为辅助动态监管的工具。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.051

Comprehensive Analysis of Mpox Prevention and Control Policies in China: a Three-Dimensional Framework for Policy Tool Evaluation

Jiayi Zhang¹; Chao Li¹; Ruiqi Ren¹; Wenqing Bai¹; Dan Li¹; Qi Wang¹; Xu Huang¹; Huimin Li^1,2; Yao Liu¹; Rui Sun¹; Fei Wang^1,2; Guoqing Shi¹; Lei Zhou^1,#

1. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China;

2. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China.

^# Corresponding authors: Lei Zhou, zhoulei@chinacdc.cn.

In 2024, the emergence of the mpox virus (MPXV) subclade Ⅰb in the Democratic Republic of the Congo triggered a new wave of mpox outbreaks that subsequently spread to other African countries and beyond. Policies provide the framework for mpox epidemic prevention and control in China, requiring systematic analysis of policy evolution and content characteristics. This study employs policy tool theory to construct a three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing policy instruments (X), policy objects (Y), and policy measures (Z), and utilizes content analysis methodology to evaluate China’s national mpox prevention and control policies. The results demonstrate that China’s national-level mpox prevention and control policies are in substantial agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO) core recommendations, with distinct emphases on the application of policy instruments, prioritizing comprehensive epidemic response capabilities, and aligning with both domestic and international mpox epidemic conditions and national prevention strategies. Moving forward, China should further enhance its mpox prevention and control system resilience by optimizing vaccine strategies and expanding social mobilization initiatives.

中国猴痘防控政策综合分析：基于政策工具的三维框架

张佳艺¹，李超¹，任瑞琦¹，白文清¹，黎丹¹，王琦¹，黄旭¹，李慧敏^1,2，孙睿¹，刘瑶¹，王飞^1,2，施国庆¹，周蕾^1,#

1. 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院），北京，中国；

2. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院，南京市，江苏省，中国。

^# 通信作者：周蕾, zhoulei@chinacdc.cn。

2024年，猴痘病毒（MPXV）中的Ⅰb亚分支在刚果（金）首次发现，引发了新一轮猴痘疫情，并外溢至非洲其他国家及非洲以外地区。政策在我国猴痘疫情防控中起到关键指导作用，有必要对其政策演进阶段和内容特点进行深入分析和挖掘。本研究创新性地引入政策工具理论，构建政策工具（X）、政策客体（Y）、政策措施（Z）三维分析框架，使用内容分析法对我国国家层面的猴痘防控政策进行描述分析。研究发现中国国家层面猴痘防控政策具有规范力，与国内外猴痘疫情形势及国家防控策略相匹配。中国的猴痘防控政策与世界卫生组织（WHO）的核心建议总体高度契合，但在政策工具、政策客体和政策措施三个维度的使用上各有侧重，未来，中国可进一步加强疫苗部署和社会动员等措施，构建更具韧性的猴痘防控体系。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.052