Respiratory Pathogen Profiles ofPatients — Beijing Municipality, China, November 2023–April 2024

Han Du^1,&; Jun Li^2,&; Haoyu Wen^3,4,&; Zhixia Gu⁵; Yufei Chang⁵; Wenwan Rong^3,4; Zhuo Yang⁵; Rahat Ullah Khan^3,4; Zhaomin Feng⁶; Quanyi Wang⁶; Rui Song^2,#; Yuhai Bi^1,3,4,#

1.College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumchi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China;

2.Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University ThirdHospital, Beijing, China;

3.CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute ofMicrobiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning, CAS-TWAS Centerof Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing, China;

4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;

5.Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

6.Beijing Research Center for RespiratoryInfectiousDiseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.

&Joint first authors.

Corresponding authors: RuiSong, rui.song@mail.ccmu.edu.cn; Yuhai Bi, beeyh@im.ac.cn.

Respiratory pathogens pose acomplex challenge for public health systems. Following the relaxation ofCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions in the winter, multiplerespiratory pathogens showed staggered epidemic waves. Additionally,co-infections involving various pathogens were observed, resulting insignificant disease burdens. Understanding the epidemiological dynamics ofthese pathogens is essential for supporting the public health system in theprevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19era. Respiratory samples were collected from patients presenting withinfluenza-like symptoms in Beijing to detect 27 respiratory pathogens usingmultiplex qPCR. Four distinct epidemic waves were identified. The first wavewas a pre-winter outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). Thiswas followed by successive waves of influenza A and B viruses. Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited a resurgence by theend of February 2024. Age-dependent susceptibility varied, with SARS-CoV-2 andinfluenza A/B peaking in the 30–40-year age group. Conversely, adenovirus,rhinovirus, M. pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilusinfluenzae (H. influenzae) were more common in adolescents and the elderly.Furthermore, 18.8% of cases were identified as co-infections with more than twopathogens. H. influenzae was found to frequently co-infect with viraland bacterial pathogens. Post-COVID-19 pandemic, the respiratory pathogensexhibited different prevalence trends. Influenza viruses exhibited a higherpeak incidence and delayed seasonality. Moreover, the co-circulation of viraland bacterial infections increased the complexity of respiratory infections.Interestingly, the staggered epidemic waves between SARS-CoV-2 and influenzaA/B viruses were observed. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 may potentially become aseasonal virus, causing epidemics alongside influenza viruses. However, furtherresearch is needed to elucidate its epidemiological patterns. Theco-circulation of these epidemic viruses and other respiratory pathogensunderscores the need for enhanced diagnostic and intervention strategies,including vaccination campaigns.

新冠后疫情时代首个流感季流感样患者呼吸道病原流行特征分析— 北京直辖市，中国，2023年11月–2024年4月

杜瀚^1,&；李珺^2,&；温浩宇^3,4,&；顾志霞⁵；常宇飞⁵；荣文婉^3,4；杨卓⁵；Rahat Ullah Khan^3,4；冯兆民⁶；王全意⁶；宋蕊^2,#；毕玉海^1,3,4,#

1. 生命科学与技术学院，新疆大学，乌鲁木齐市，新疆维吾尔自治区，中国;

2. 北京海淀医院，北京大学第三医院海淀院区，北京，中国;

3. 病原微生物学与免疫学重点实验室，流感研究预警中心，中国科学院-发展中国家科学院新发突发传染病研究与交流卓越中心，中国科学院，北京，中国;

4. 中国科学院大学，北京，中国;

5. 附属北京地坛医院，首都医科大学，北京，中国;

6. 北京市呼吸道传染病研究中心，北京市疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国。

& 共同第一作者。

^# 通信作者:宋蕊, rui.song@mail.ccmu.edu.cn; 毕玉海,beeyh@im.ac.cn。

随着COVID-19防控政策的调整，多种呼吸道病原体呈现交错流行态势，同时合并感染加剧了疾病严重性和防治难度。为有效预防和控制呼吸道传染病，深入了解这些病原体的流行病学动态至关重要。采集北京地区流感样症状患者呼吸道样本，利用多重qPCR检测27种呼吸道病原体。研究发现四种明显的呼吸道病原体流行波，包括冬季前的肺炎支原体暴发，以及甲型、乙型流感病毒与SARS-CoV-2的相继流行。不同病原体的年龄易感性存在显著差异，SARS-CoV-2和甲型、乙型流感病毒主要感染人群为青壮年，而其他常见的呼吸道病毒和细菌则在青少年和老年人中更为普遍。18.8%的病例为两种或两种以上病原体的共感染。在COVID-19大流行之后，呼吸道病原体呈现出与大流行期间不同的流行趋势。SARS-CoV-2与流感A/B病毒错峰流行，提示SARS-CoV-2有可能像流感病毒一样呈现季节性流行，但二者的流行规律的差异性还有待进一步跟踪。多种病原交错流行的现象可能与疫情期间形成的免疫缺口有关，需进一步研究以阐明其暴发原因和流行模式。此外，病毒和细菌的共感染加剧了呼吸道感染的复杂性。这些发现将为下一个流感季呼吸道感染的综合防控提供科学线索。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.018

Characterization of Aeromonas Strains Isolated from Adult Patients with Diarrhea andAquatic Environments — Beijing Municipality, China, 2016–2022

Ying Li^1,2,&; Keyi Yu^3,&;Yuwei Liu^1,2; Aixia Yan^1,2; Miao Wang^1,2; YingKang^1,2; Shoufei Li^1,2; Yuanyuan Wang^1,2;Luotong Wang^1,2; Shengtian Liu¹; Tao Peng¹;Jun Li⁴, Duochun Wang³, Zhenzhou Hang^4,#

1. Shunyi District Center for Disease Control andPrevention, Beijing, China

2. Workstation for Microbial Infectious Disease,Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

3. National Institute for Communicable DiseaseControl and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing, China

4. Microbiological Laboratory, Hangzhou Center forDisease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.

&Joint first authors.

#Corresponding author: Zhenzhou Huang, huangzhenzhou@hzcdc.com.cn.

Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments and causes variousdiseases in humans and animals. This study describes the pathogeniccharacteristics of Aeromonas isolatedfrom adult diarrhea patients and aquatic environments in Beijing, China.Aeromonas isolatesfrom stool samples of patients with diarrhea and river water samples wereassessed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antibiotic resistanceprofiling.In total, 38 Aeromonasisolates were derived from diarrhea patients and water samples. Among these, 13isolates from patients were identified as Aeromonasveronii (n=5), A. caviae (n=5),and A. dhakensis (n=3). Themost common clinical symptoms reported by the patients were diarrhea (100%,13/13), abdominal pain (92.3%, 12/13), and nausea (61.5%, 8/13). Four of 13 Aeromonas-positive patients wereco-infected with other intestinal pathogens. The 25 isolates from water sampleswere identified as A. veronii, A. caviae, A. schubertii, A. sanarellii,A. dhakensis, and a species closelyrelated to A. media (n=11, 9,2, 1, 1, and 1, respectively). Patient-derived Aeromonas isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (92.31%),AMS (84.62%), NAL (69.23%), and tetracycline (38.46%), whereas water-derivedisolates showed high resistance to AMP (96.00%), AMS (96.00%), and NAL(60.00%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven independent branches, withoutsignificant clustering among patient- and water-derived isolates, which showedan intertwined distribution instead.This study provides valuable insights into theprevalence and characteristics of Aeromonasfound in patients with diarrhea and the aquatic environment. The intertwineddistribution of patient- and water-derived isolates in the phylogenetic treehighlights the need for active surveillance of foodborne pathogens.

分离自腹泻病例和河流水中气单胞菌属特征分析—北京直辖市，中国，2016–2022年

李颖^1,2,&；于可艺^3,&；刘雨薇^1,2；闫爱霞^1,2；王苗^1,2；康颖^1,2；李首飞^1,2；王园园^1,2；王洛桐^1,2；刘盛田¹；彭涛¹；李军⁴；王多春³；黄振洲^4,#

1. 北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

2. 微生物感染性疾病检测工作站，北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

3. 传染病预防控制所，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

4. 微生物实验室，浙江省杭州市疾病预防控制中心，杭州市，浙江省，中国。

^&共同第一作者。

^#通信作者：黄振洲，huangzhenzhou@hzcdc.com.cn。

气单胞菌属是一种可导致人类和动物多种疾病的，且广泛分布在水环境中的病原菌。本研究将从中国北京的河流水中以及腹泻病例粪便中分离气单胞菌，并对分离菌株进行病原特征分析。从腹泻病例粪便标本和河流水样本中分离气单胞菌株，并进行全基因组测序和抗生素耐药性检测。在河流水和腹泻病例粪便中共分离到38株气单胞菌。其中从13个腹泻病例粪便中分离到的13株气单胞菌分别被鉴定为维隆气单胞菌（n=5）、豚鼠气单胞菌（n=5）、达卡气单胞菌（n=5）；腹泻病例临床症状分布为腹泻（100%, 13/13）、腹痛（92.30%, 12/13）和恶心（61.54%, 8/13），其中4名气单胞菌分离阳性的病例粪便中还检测到其它肠道病原。从河流水中分离到的25株气单胞菌被鉴定为维隆气单胞菌（n=11）、豚鼠气单胞菌（n=9）、舒氏气单胞菌（n=2）、达卡气单胞菌（n=1）和中间气单胞菌近似株（n=1）。13株病例分离株对氨苄西林、氨苄西林-舒巴坦、萘啶酸和四环素表现较高耐药水平，耐药率分别为92.31%、84.62%、69.23%和38.46%；而25株分离自河流水中的气单胞菌对氨苄西林、氨苄西林-舒巴坦和萘啶酸表现较高耐药水平，耐药率分别为96.00%、96.00%和60.00%。菌株在系统发育树上分布7个独立分支，病例分离本研究为腹泻患者中以及河流水中气单胞菌的检出率和病原特征研究提供了基础数据。腹泻病例分离株和河流水分离株在系统发育树中的交错分布现象值得引起关注，并基于食源性病原监测工作进行深入研究。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.019

Epidemiological and SpatiotemporalClustering Analysis of Human Brucellosis — China, 2019−2023

Zhiguo Liu^1,&; Yue Shi^2,&;Chuizhao Xue³; Min Yuan¹; Zhenjun Li^2,#; CanjunZheng^2,#

1. National Key Laboratory of IntelligentTracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute forCommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Controland Prevention, Beijing, China

2. Chinese Center for Disease Control andPrevention, Beijing, China

3. National Institute of ParasiticDiseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center forTropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.

&Joint first authors.

# Corresponding author: Zhenjun Li,lizhenjun@icdc.cn; Canjun Zheng, zhengcj@chinacdc.cn.

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 304,668 caseswere reported, with an average annual incidence of 4.33/100,000. The number ofreported cases significantly increased from 45,046 (3.25/100,000) in 2019 to70,439 (4.99/100,000) in 2023. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region reported thehighest number of cases (n=87,961), with incidence rates increasing from55.83/100,000 in 2019 to 68.34/100,000 in 2023, followed by Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region (n=27,845) and Shanxi Province (n=21,932),indicating continued spread and expansion of human brucellosis in northernChina. In southern China, reported cases increased substantially from 2,036 in2019 to 5,128 in 2023, with Yunnan Province recording the highest case count (n=3,963)and an average annual incidence of 1.67/100,000. Joinpoint regression analysisrevealed an upward trend in incidence rates across 29 provincial-leveladministrative divisions (PLADs, APC=12.86, P<0.05),with particularly rapid increases observed in most southern PLADs.Spatial-temporal analysis identified high-risk clusters concentrated in the northwesternand northeastern regions, as well as in the southern PLADs of Yunnan andSichuan. These findings demonstrate that human brucellosis has become anationwide public health challenge, suggesting widespread animal brucellosistransmission. The continued spread and worsening of brucellosis over the pastfive years, particularly in southern PLADs, necessitatesenhanced control measures. Critical interventions include improving diagnosticcapabilities, strengthening surveillance systems, and implementing strictcontrols on the movement of infected animals.

人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征及时空聚集分析—中国，2019–2023年

刘志国^1，&；师悦^2，&；薛垂召³；袁敏¹；李振军^1，2，#；郑灿军^2，#

1．传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，传染病预防控制所，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

2．中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

3．寄生虫病预防控制所，中国疾病预防控制中心（中国热带病研究中心），上海，中国。

^&共同第一作者。

^#通信作者:李振军，lizhenjun@icdc.cn;郑灿军，zhengcj@chinacdc.cn。

2019年至2023年，全国共报告人间布鲁氏菌病病例304,668例，年均发病率为4.33/10万。报告病例数由2019年的45,046例（3.25/10万）显著上升至2023年的70,439例（4.99/10万）。内蒙古自治区报告病例数最多（87,961例），发病率由2019年的55.83/10万上升至2023年的68.34/10万，其次是新疆维吾尔自治区（27,845例）和山西省（21,932例），表明我国北方地区人间布鲁氏菌病疫情持续蔓延和扩散。在中国南方，报告病例从 2019 年的 2,036 例大幅增加到 2023 年的 5,128 例，其中云南省病例数最多（n=3,963），年平均发病率为1.67/10万。Joinpoint 回归分析显示，29 个省级行政区（PLADs，APC=12.86，P<0.05）的发病率呈上升趋势，大多数南方 PLAD 的发病率上升尤其迅速。时空分析发现，高风险聚集区集中在西北和东北地区以及云南和四川等地。这些发现表明，人间布鲁氏菌病已成为全国性的公共卫生挑战，表明动物布鲁氏菌病感染泛滥。过去五年来，人间布鲁氏菌病持续蔓延，尤其是在南方地区，需要提升诊断能力、加强监测以及严格控制受感染动物的流动。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.020

Multicenter Study on the Prevalence ofHuman Respiratory Syncytial Virus Coinfection and Disease Burden AmongHospitalized Children Aged 5 Years and Younger — 5 Prefecture-level Cities,Zhejiang Province, China, 2018–2023

Wanwan Sun^1,&;An Zhu^2,&; Zhiyong Zhu^3,&; Jinren Pan¹;Chaorong Ni⁴; Wenjie Wu⁵; An Tang⁵; Lei Guo⁶;Zhao Yu¹; Xicheng Gu⁷; Yu Zhang⁸; Xiaofei Fu^9,#;Yongqiang Shao^10,#; Shelan Liu^1,#

1. Department of InfectiousDiseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China

2. Department ofPediatrics, Second People's Hospital of Jinyun County (Huzhen Branch of LishuiCentral Hospital), Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, China

3. Department of InfectiousDiseases, Tonglu County Center for Disease Control and Prevention (TongluCounty Health Supervision Institute), Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China

4. Department of InfectiousDiseases, Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Wenzhou HealthSupervision Institution), Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province

5. Department of InfectiousDiseases, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan City, ZhejiangProvince, China

6. Department of InfectionControl, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of WenzhouMedical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China

7. University of Rochester,Rochester, New York, USA

8. Tonglu Hospital of theFirst People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China

9. Department of InfectiousDisease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control andPrevention, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China

10. Wenzhou CentralHospital, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.

& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding author: Shelan Liu,slliu@cdc.zj.cn; Yongqiang Shao, wzsyq@126.com; Xiaofei Fu, cfk@jxcdc.org.cn.

Humanrespiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a common cause of childhood acuterespiratory infections, but there is limited understanding of whetherviral/bacterial co-infections affect the disease burden. We conducted aretrospective cohort study at eight hospitals in Zhejiang Province of Chinafrom 2018 to 2023 to compare the prevalence and direct disease burden betweenHRSV with and without co-infection in hospitalized children under 5 years,including the hospital costs and length of hospital stay. Analysis ofhospitalized children under 5 years in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2023revealed that 20.4% experienced HRSV coinfections, with bacterial coinfectionssubstantially exceeding viral coinfections (14.1% vs. 5.3%, P<0.05). M. pneumoniae and S.pneumoniae emerged as predominant bacterial co-pathogens, while humanrhinovirus and cytomegalovirus were the most prevalent viral coinfectionagents. Compared with single HRSV infection, children with co-infection hadhigher hospital costs [median expense: 4,971.4 Chinese Yuan (CNY) vs. 4,649.1CNY, P<0.05], had more frequentpneumonia (21.9% vs. 14.1%, P<0.05).During high respiratory pathogen circulation.the public and parentsshould be aware of the risk for pediatric coinfection and adopt preventionstrategies, including vaccination programs, nonpharmaceutical interventions,early initiation of testing algorithms and anti-microgram treatment, etc.

5岁以下住院儿童人呼吸道合胞病毒合并感染率及疾病负担的多中心研究—5个地级市，浙江省，中国，2018–2023年

孙琬琬^1，&；朱安^2，&；朱智勇^3，&；潘金仁¹；倪朝荣⁴；吴文杰⁵；唐安⁵；郭磊⁶；余昭¹；顾曦承⁷；章玉⁸；富小飞^9，#；邵永强^10，#；刘社兰^1，#

1. 传染病防制所，浙江省疾病预防控制中心，杭州市，浙江省，中国

2. 儿科，中国丽水市缙云县第二人民医院（丽水市中心医院壶镇分院），丽水市，浙江省，中国

3. 传防科，桐庐县疾病预防控制中心（桐庐县卫生监督所），杭州市，浙江省，中国

4. 传染病防制所，温州市疾病预防控制中心（温州市卫生监督所），温州市，浙江省，中国

5. 传染病科，舟山市疾病预防控制中心，舟山市，浙江省，中国

6. 感染控制科，温州医科大学附属第二医院和育英儿童医院，温州市，浙江省，中国

7. 罗切斯特大学，罗切斯特，纽约州，美国

8. 杭州市第一人民医院桐庐医院，杭州市，浙江省，中国

9. 传染病预防控制科，嘉兴市疾病预防控制中心，嘉兴市，浙江省，中国

10. 温州市中心医院，温州市，浙江省，中国。

^&共同第一作者。

^#通信作者：刘社兰,slliu@cdc.zj.cn；邵永强, wzsyq@126.com；富小飞, cfk@jxcdc.org.cn。

人呼吸道合胞病毒是儿童急性呼吸道感染的常见原因，但是人呼吸道合胞病毒合并其他病毒/细菌感染是否影响疾病负担尚不清楚。2018–2023年在浙江省8家医院进行回顾性队列研究，比较5岁以下住院儿童人呼吸道合胞病毒合并和不合并感染的发病率和直接疾病负担，包括住院费用和住院时间。2018–2023年浙江省5岁以下住院儿童HRSV合并感染发生率为20.4%，合并细菌感染发生率明显高于合并病毒感染发生率（14.1% vs. 5.3%，P<0.05）。肺炎支原体和肺炎链球菌是合并感染最常见的细菌，而人鼻病毒和巨细胞病毒是合并感染最常见的病毒。与单一人呼吸道合胞病毒感染相比，合并感染儿童的住院费用更高（中位数：4,971.4元人民币vs. 4,649.1元人民币）；肺炎发生率更高（21.9% vs. 14.1%，P<0.05）。在呼吸道病原体高流行期间，公众医生和家长应意识到儿童人呼吸道合胞病毒合并感染的风险，并应该采取综合预防策略，包括疫苗接种、非药物干预、早期启动病原体检测和抗菌或者抗病毒的治疗等。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.021

Global Species/Biovars and GenotypeDiversity Atlas of Brucella spp. —102 Countries, 1923–2020

Zhiguo Liu^1,&;Liping Gao^2,&; Miao Wang³; Songnan Du⁴;Min Yuan¹; Zhenjun Li^1,5,6,#

1.National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for InfectiousDiseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

2.National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for InfectiousDiseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, ChineseCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

3.Ulanqab Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining City, Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region, China

4.Tongliao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Horqin District, InnerMongolia Autonomous Region, China

5.Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

6.Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China.

& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding authors: Zhenjun Li, lizhenjun@icdc.cn.

Brucella spp. are facultative intracellularbacteria that can infect many species of animals and humans. This study revealsextensive species/biovar diversity, genetic variation, and host range among Brucella spp. globally. B. melitensis exhibits the highest hostand genotype diversity, with most strains isolated from human cases, indicatingpersistent animal reservoirs and repeated human transmission. This patternhighlights significant gaps in bacteriological and molecular surveillance of B. melitensis in animal populations.Minimum spanning tree analysis demonstrates region-specific lineagedistributions: African B. abortusstrains cluster within abortus B lineage, while Asian, American, and Europeanstrains group within abortus C. Eastern Mediterranean B. melitensis strains show predominant distribution across Asia andEurope, while B. suis strains displaygenetic heterogeneity across different geographical regions. Other Brucella species show limitedgeographical distribution and primarily cause sporadic human infections. While B. melitensis represents a global publichealth challenge, B. abortus and B. suis pose more localized concerns.Limited financial resources for brucellosis control remain a criticalconstraint in low-income countries. Implementation of comprehensive livestockbrucellosis control programs in these regions is essential for reducing humanhealth risks.

布鲁氏菌的种型和基因型多样性图谱法— 102个国家，1923–2020年

刘志国^1，&；高利萍^2，&；王妙³；杜松楠⁴；袁敏¹；李振军^{1，5，6，#}

1.传染病预警溯源与智能决策全国重点实验室，传染病预防控制所，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

2. 传染病预警溯源与智能决策全国重点实验室，病毒病预防控制所，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

3. 乌兰察布市疾病预防控制中心，集宁市，内蒙古自治区，中国；

4. 通辽市疾病预防控制中心，科尔沁区，内蒙古自治区，中国；

5. 中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

6. 长治医学院, 长治市，山西省，中国。

^&共同第一作者。

^# 通信作者：李振军，lizhenjun@icdc.cn。

本研究揭示了全球布鲁氏菌属具有广泛物种/生物型、遗传多样性和宿主范围。羊种布鲁氏菌表现出最高的宿主和基因型多样性，大多数菌株从人类病例中分离出来，表明存在持续的动物宿主和反复的人际传播。这种模式凸显了动物种群中羊型布鲁氏菌的细菌学和分子监测方面的严重不足。最小生成树分析表明布鲁氏菌种群呈现出特定的谱系分布特征：非洲牛种布鲁氏菌聚集在B 谱系中，而亚洲、美洲和欧洲菌株聚集在C 谱系。东地中海谱系的羊种布鲁氏菌主要分布在亚洲和欧洲，而猪种布鲁氏菌分布在不同地理区域并表现出遗传异质性特征。其他布鲁氏菌种的地理分布有限，主要引起零星的感染病例。本研究表明羊种布鲁氏菌是全球性的公共卫生威胁，而牛种和猪布鲁氏菌则属于地区性公共卫生问题。在低收入国家实施牲畜布病监测控制计划对于降低布病对人群的健康危害至关重要。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.023

Automatic Warning Practice ofMulti-Source Surveillance and Multi-Point Trigger for Infectious Diseases —Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, January–April 2024

Qinbao Lu¹; Tianying Fu¹;Haocheng Wu¹; Zheyuan Ding¹; Chen Wu¹; WeiqunGan^2,#; Junfen Lin^1,3,#

1. Zhejiang Provincial Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China

2. Yuhang District Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention (Health Supervision Institute), Hangzhou City, ZhejiangProvince, China

3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory forVaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou City, ZhejiangProvince, China.

^#Corresponding author: Junfen Lin, jflin@cdc.zj.cn; Weiqun Gan, ganwq@yuhang.gov.cn.

This study presentsempirical evidence from the implementation of an automated infectious diseasewarning system utilizing multi-source surveillance and multi-point triggers inYuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide referencefor more extensive practice of infectious disease surveillance and earlywarning in the future. The data were obtained from the Health EmergencyIntelligent Control Platform of Yuhang District from January 1 to April 30,2024, encompassing warning signal issuance and response documentation.Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the early warningsignals. From January 1 to April 30, 2024, the Health Emergency IntelligentControl Platform in Yuhang District generated 4,598 valid warning signals, witha warning signal positive rate of 36.43%. The early warning system detected 71infectious disease outbreaks reported through the Intelligent Control Platform,including 24 single-source early warning and 47 multi-source early warning. Thesensitivity was 78.02%, demonstrating improved performance compared to existinginfectious disease surveillance and warning systems. This represents the firstdomestic publication evaluating an automated multi-source surveillance andmulti-point trigger warning system. By integrating and correlating multi-sourcedata, the system can efficiently and accurately detect warning signals ofinfectious disease incidents, which has significant practical implications forearly surveillance, warning, and management of infectious diseases.

传染病多源监测多点触发的自动预警实践应用— 余杭区，杭州市，浙江省，中国，2024年1–4月

鲁琴宝¹；傅天颖¹；吴昊澄¹；丁哲渊¹；吴晨¹；干伟群^2，#；林君芬^1，3，#

1. 浙江省疾病预防控制中心，杭州市，浙江省，中国；

2. 余杭区疾病预防控制中心（卫生监督所），杭州市，浙江省，中国；

3. 浙江省传染病疫苗与预防控制研究重点实验室，杭州市，浙江省，中国。

^#通信作者：林君芬，jflin@cdc.zj.cn；干伟群, ganwq@yuhang.gov.cn。

本研究对浙江省杭州市余杭区传染病多源监测多点触发的自动预警信号进行分析，为今后开展更广泛的传染病监测预警实践提供参考。从余杭区卫生应急智控平台提取2024年1月1日–4月30日期间预警信号发送及处置情况等信息。采用描述性流行病学方法对预警信号进行分析。2024年1月1日–4月30日，余杭区共接收到卫生应急智控平台发出的有效预警信号4598条，阳性预警信号率为36.43%。全区共有71起传染病事件由多点触发预警系统提前发现，其中单源预警24起，多源预警47起。预警灵敏度为78.02%，高于目前的传染病自动预警系统。这是国内实践并首次发表传染病多源监测多点触发自动预警的研究结果。通过多源数据的融合碰撞，能够高效准确地探测到传染病事件预警信号，这对实现早期传染病监测、预警及处置具有重要现实意义。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.022