Established in 2016, China’s national surveillance system for soil-transmitted helminthiasis provides annual data that are essential for its control. Surveillance data from 2016 to 2022 indicated a steady decline in the overall infection rate, from 2.46% in 2016 to 0.64% in 2022.

In 2023 and 2024, the infection rates of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) were 0.53% and 0.47%, respectively, according to national surveillance. The overall infection rate has declined since 2016.

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis exhibits a low prevalence nationwide, yet displays significant geographical and demographic heterogeneity, as well as ongoing transmission risks. Tailored strategies must be implemented to strengthen national control efforts, advance transmission control and prevent interruptions.

This study compared epidemiological characteristics of imported and indigenous dengue fever cases in China from 2005 to 2025 and assessed the dynamic provincial transmission risks.

This study compared the 21-year trends in national surveillance data. It examined temporal changes in the countries of origin of imported cases and the dynamic risk ratio of indigenous to imported cases across ten high-import provinces, as well as the disparity of epidemiological characteristics between imported and indigenous cases.

Indigenous cases dominated the epidemic in China (90.1%, 134,129/148,893). Imported cases (9.9%, 14,764/148,893) were the initial trigger, increasing notably before the local epidemic season. They were predominantly men (70.5%) aged 25–49 years, mainly “farmers and workers (38.6%)” and “commercial/service personnel (22.9%)”. In contrast, indigenous cases had a balanced sex ratio (1.1:1), and “household/unemployed/retired persons (32.1%)” constituted the largest occupational group. Further spatiotemporal analysis revealed that: 1) The primary source country for imported cases nationwide shifted from Cambodia (41.1%) to Myanmar (29.6%); 2) Imported cases in Yunnan were predominantly from Myanmar (71.1%) and “farmers and workers (50.5%)”, whereas in Guangdong, they were more diverse in origin and dominated by “commercial/service personnel (30.2%)”; 3) The risk ratio of indigenous to imported cases across ten provinces exhibited significant heterogeneity: Yunnan and Guangdong were persistent high-risk areas, whereas Sichuan and Jiangsu maintained lower risk. Hunan and Chongqing exhibited high-risk in recent years, with Chongqing’s ratio reaching 36.5 in 2025 and Hunan’s 15.5 in 2024.

The dengue fever epidemic in China was initiated by importation; however, the scale and risk of subsequent local transmission varied significantly and dynamically across provinces. Control strategies should integrate source interception of imported cases with tailored interventions addressing distinct importation profiles, evolving local transmission risks, and population characteristics across provinces.

Malaria remains a recurrent public health problem and is among the leading contributors to morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. However, research specifically linking malaria transmission with topographic factors in Pakistan is limited.

This study supplements existing knowledge by examining malaria transmission across different topographic regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. High-altitude regions experienced low transmission, whereas low-altitude regions showed high transmission rates.

Considering topography in malaria control strategies may help policymakers design more targeted and effective prevention measures to reduce the burden of recurrent malaria in the region.

To address the escalating public health threat of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), we developed the Klebsiella pneumoniae Genome Database (KPGD; http://nmdc.cn/gcpathogen/kp) to strengthen global genomic surveillance of this pathogen.

KPGD integrates 75,987 genome assemblies from 122 countries with standardized annotations of serotypes, sequence types, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factors (VFs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The platform offers interactive visualization modules and integrated analytical tools that enable real-time epidemiological monitoring and one-stop genomic analysis, thereby supporting global efforts to track the dissemination of resistant and hypervirulent KP (HvKp) and to inform infection control and antimicrobial stewardship strategies.

Longitudinal analyses revealed that the emergence of HvKp is driven by the sustained expansion of carbapenem-resistant high-risk lineages under selection pressure from restricted, higher-tier antibiotics. Conjugative ARG-bearing plasmids carrying key resistance determinants largely mediate this expansion. In contrast, selection by first-line, narrower-spectrum antibiotics appears to favor the dissemination of virulence plasmids (predominantly IncFIB types) as a compensatory mechanism to offset resistance-associated fitness costs.

These findings collectively underscore the need for surveillance systems that simultaneously monitor high-risk lineages and the dissemination of ARGs and VFs — particularly via self-transmissible plasmids — to better understand and anticipate bacterial adaptation under diverse antibiotic pressures.