Epidemic Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis — China, 2023–2024

Huihui Zhu¹, Jilei Huang¹, Changhai Zhou¹, Tingjun Zhu¹, Luyuan Zhao¹, Shizhu Li^1,2,#, Menbao Qian^1,#

1. National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China;

2. School of Global Health, School of Medicine, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research–Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

^# Corresponding author: Shizhu Li, lisz@chinacdc.cn; Menbao Qian, qianmb@nipd.chinacdc.cn.

This study reports 2023–2024 national surveillance data from China’s soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) surveillance network covering over 400 counties across 31 provincial-level divisions (PLADs) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC). In 2023 and 2024, 437 and 459 surveillance counties were selected respectively using geographically stratified cluster random sampling, with 1,000 participants enrolled per county. Stool and environmental soil samples were examined. The STH infection rates were 0.53% (2,381/449,220) and 0.47% (2,233/476,756) in 2023 and 2024, with significant differences. High prevalence clustered in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Chongqing, with obvious heterogeneity by sex and age. Hookworm was the dominant species, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. Soil monitoring confirmed contamination with Ascaris eggs and hookworm larvae. Despite low overall prevalence, STH in China remains geographically and demographically heterogeneous, requiring targeted strategies to strengthen control and progress toward transmission interruption.

土源性线虫病流行现状 — 中国，2023–2024 年

朱慧慧¹，黄继磊¹，周长海¹，诸廷俊¹，赵陆源¹，李石柱^1,2,#，钱门宝^1,#

1. 国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际研究中心，中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），上海，中国；

2. 全球健康学院，上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心，上海，中国。

^# 通信作者：李石柱，lisz@chinacdc.cn；钱门宝，qianmb@nipd.chinacdc.cn。

本研究报告 2023–2024 年全国土源性线虫病监测网络数据，覆盖全国31个省级行政区及新疆生产建设兵团 400 余个县。2023、2024 年分别选取 437、459 个监测县，采用地理分层整群随机抽样，每县调查 1000 人，检测粪便与环境土壤样本。2023、2024 年土源性线虫感染率分别为 0.53%（2,381/449,220）、0.47%（2,233/476,756），差异有统计学意义。高流行区集中于四川、云南、重庆，存在明显性别与年龄差异。优势虫种为钩虫，其次为蛔虫、鞭虫。土壤监测检出蛔虫卵与钩虫幼虫污染。全国总体感染率较低，但土源性线虫病仍存在显著地域与人群异质性，需采取针对性策略强化防控，逐步实现传播阻断。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.088

Comparative Epidemiology and Transmission Risk Assessment of Imported and Indigenous Dengue Fever at the National and Selected Provincial Levels — China, 2005–2025

Sihan Li¹, Meilan Huang², Qian Ren¹, Yanping Zhang¹, Qiulan Chen^1,#

1. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China;

2. School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

^# Corresponding author: Qiulan Chen, chenql@chinacdc.cn.

This study analyzed 21-year national surveillance data to compare epidemiological characteristics of imported and indigenous dengue cases and assess dynamic provincial risks from 2005 to 2025. Indigenous cases accounted for 90.1% (134,128/148,885) with a clear seasonal peak from August to October (88.6%). Imported cases (9.9%, 14,757/148,885) were the main trigger, 87.1% from Southeast Asia, rising notably in May–June. Imported cases were mostly males aged 25–49 years (70.5%), dominated by farmers/workers (38.6%) and commercial/service staff (22.9%). Indigenous cases had a balanced sex ratio (male 51.8%, female 48.2%), with household/unemployed/retired persons as the largest group (32.1%). The main source country shifted from Cambodia (2015–2019: 41.1%) to Myanmar (2020–2025: 29.6%). Yunnan’s imported cases were mainly from Myanmar (71.1%) and farmers/workers (50.5%); Guangdong’s were more diverse with commercial/service staff (30.1%). Risk ratios varied widely: Yunnan (peak 86.33, 2022) and Guangdong (81.14, 2024) were high-risk; Sichuan and Jiangsu remained low (<2). Hunan and Chongqing rose recently (Chongqing 36.54, 2025; Hunan 15.49, 2024). Dengue epidemics are initiated by importation, with highly heterogeneous local transmission risks across provinces requiring targeted interventions.

基于全国及重点省份的时空分析输入性与本地登革热流行特征及传播风险评估 — 中国，2005–2025年

李思寒¹，黄梅兰²，任倩¹，张彦平¹，陈秋兰^1,#

1. 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院），北京，中国；

2. 公共卫生学院，广西医科大学，南宁市，广西壮族自治区，中国。

^# 通信作者：陈秋兰，chenql@chinacdc.cn。

2005年至2025年间，本地病例在中国疫情中占据绝对主导地位（134,128/148,885，90.1%），8月至10月呈现明显的季节性高峰（占全年本地病例的88.6%）。输入病例（14,757/148,885例，9.9%）是疫情的主要触发因素，其数量在本地流行季节前（5月至6月）明显增加。人口统计学比较分析显示，输入病例以25至49岁的男性为主（70.5%），其中“农民和工人”（38.6%）和“商业/服务人员”（22.9%）占比最高；本地病例的性别比例更为均衡（男性：51.8%，女性：48.2%），“家务/待业/退休人员”（32.1%）是构成比最大的职业群体。进一步时空分析显示：1）全国输入病例的主要来源国从柬埔寨（2015-2019年期间占比41.1%）转变为缅甸（2020-2025年期间占比29.6%）；2）云南省输入病例主要来自缅甸（71.1%）及“农民和工人”群体（50.5%），而广东省来源地更为多样化，职业以“商业/服务人员”为主（30.1%）；3）十个省份本地病例与输入病例的风险比呈现显著异质性：云南省（2022年峰值比值达86.33）和广东省（2024年81.14）持续处于高风险区域，而四川、江苏等省份风险水平始终较低（多数年份比值<2）。近年来湖南和重庆地区风险较高，其中重庆2025年比值达36.54，湖南2024年达15.49。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.089

A Topographic Analysis of Malaria Transmission — Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 2019–2022

Ijaz ul Haq^1,#

1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

^# Corresponding author: Ijaz ul Haq, ihaq@kfu.edu.sa.

Malaria is a major public health concern in Pakistan, with limited data on topography and transmission. This retrospective study analyzed malaria case data from health systems in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2019–2022, using GIS mapping and time-series analysis. The highest cumulative cases were in Charsadda (303,900), Dera Ismail Khan (292,070), and Bannu (241,640). High-altitude districts (e.g., Kolai Palas, 2.56 km) reported <1,000 cases. An inverse relationship existed between altitude and malaria incidence, with high vector density in low-altitude areas. Topography strongly affects malaria risk; elevation-based spatial data should be integrated into provincial control policies.

疟疾传播的地形分析 — 开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省，巴基斯坦，2019–2022年

Ijaz ul Haq^1,#

1. 临床营养系，应用医学院，费萨尔国王大学，胡富夫，阿哈萨省，沙特阿拉伯。

^# 通信作者：Ijaz ul Haq，ihaq@kfu.edu.sa。

疟疾是巴基斯坦重大公共卫生问题，地形与传播关联研究有限。本回顾性研究分析 2019–2022 年开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省卫生系统疟疾病例数据，采用 GIS 制图与时间序列分析。累计病例最高地区为查尔萨达（303,900 例）、德拉伊斯梅尔汗（292,070 例）、班努（241,640 例）；高海拔地区（如科莱帕拉斯，海拔 2.56 千米）病例 < 1,000 例。海拔与疟疾发病率呈负相关，低海拔地区媒介密度高。地形显著影响疟疾风险，建议将海拔空间数据纳入省级防控政策。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.090

Klebsiella pneumoniae Genome Database: A Global Resource for Genomic Surveillance of Dissemination, Pathogenicity, and Antimicrobial Resistance

Haijian Zhou¹, Chongye Guo^2,3, Guomei Fan^2,3, Jinrui Hu¹, Zhigang Cui¹, Xiaoli Du¹, Linhuan Wu^2,3,#, Biao Kan^1,#

1. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China;

2. Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing, China;

3. Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.

^# Corresponding author: Linhuan Wu, wulh@ac.cn; Biao Kan, kanbiao@icdc.cn.

To address hypervirulent and drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), the Klebsiella pneumoniae Genome Database (KPGD) was developed for global genomic surveillance. KPGD integrates 75,987 genomes from 122 countries with standardized annotations of serotypes, sequence types, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factors (VFs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), providing interactive tools for real-time monitoring. Analysis showed that carbapenem-resistant high-risk lineages drive hypervirulent KP (HvKp) emergence under selective pressure from restricted high-tier antibiotics, mediated mainly by conjugative ARG plasmids. First-line narrow-spectrum antibiotics favor dissemination of IncFIB virulence plasmids as a fitness cost compensation. Surveillance systems should monitor high-risk lineages and ARG/VF transmission (especially via self-transmissible plasmids) to understand bacterial adaptation.

肺炎克雷伯菌基因组数据库：用于扩散、致病性与耐药基因组监测的全球资源

周海健¹，郭翀晔^2,3，范国梅^2,3，胡锦瑞¹，崔志刚¹，杜小莉¹，吴林寰^2,3,#，阚飙^1,#

1. 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，传染病预防控制所，中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院），北京，中国；

2. 国家微生物科学数据中心，北京，中国；

3. 北京呼吸系统传染病研究中心，新发传染病监测预警与病原学研究北京市重点实验室，北京，中国。

# 通信作者：吴林寰，wulh@ac.cn；阚飙，kanbiao@icdc.cn。

为应对高毒力耐药肺炎克雷伯菌（KP）公共卫生威胁，本研究构建肺炎克雷伯菌基因组数据库（KPGD）用于全球基因组监测。KPGD 整合 122 国 75987 株基因组，完成血清型、序列型、耐药基因、毒力因子、移动元件标准化注释，提供交互式分析工具。研究显示，碳青霉烯类耐药高风险谱系在高级别抗生素压力下持续扩张，驱动高毒力 KP 出现，主要由接合型耐药质粒介导；一线窄谱抗生素压力下，IncFIB 型毒力质粒更易扩散以补偿适应性代价。需建立同步监测高风险谱系与耐药 / 毒力基因（尤其自主传递质粒）的体系，解析细菌适应演化规律。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2026.092