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Epidemics of emerging and neglected infectious diseases are severe threats to public health and are largely driven by the promotion of globalization and by international multi-border cooperation. Mosquito-borne viruses are among the most important agents of these diseases, with an associated mortality of over one million people worldwide (1). The well-known mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) with global scale include malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, and West Nile fever, which are the largest contributor to the disease burden. However, the morbidity of some MBDs has sharply decreased due to expanded programs on immunization and more efficient control strategies (e.g., for Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever). Nevertheless, the global distribution and burden of dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever are expanding and growing (2-3). Similar to the seemingly interminable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sweeping across the globe since the end of 2020, MBDs could also spread at an unexpected rate (Table 1, Supplementary Table S1) and cause great economic damage.
Virus Vector Vertebrate host Distribution (year) ZIKV Armigeres subalbatus
Culex quinquefasciatus
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus
Anopheles sinensisHuman Guizhou (2016); Jiangxi (2018); Yunnan (2016) TMUV Cx. pipiens
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus
Cx. annulusDuck
Goose
Chicken
Sparrow
PigeonAnhui (2013); Beijing (2010); Chongqing (2013); Fujian (2010); Guangdong (2011–2015); Guangxi (2011); Hebei (2010); Henan (2010); Hubei (2018); Inner Mongolia (2017); Jiangsu (2010, 2012); Jiangxi (2010); Shandong (2010, 2011, 2012, 2016); Shanghai (2010); Zhejiang (2010–2016); Yunnan (2012); Sichuan (2013); Taiwan (2019) LNV Aedes flavidorsalis
Ae. caspius
Cx. pipiens
Cx. modestus
Ae. dorsali
Ae. vexansMice Beijing (2014); Gansu (2011); Jilin (1997); Liaoning (2012); Qinghai (2007); Shanxi (2007); Xinjiang (2005, 2006–2008, 2011) GETV Cx. tritaeniorhynchus
Ar. subalbatus
Cx. pseudovishnui
Cx. fuscocephala
Cx. annulus
An. sinensis
Cx. pipiensHorse
Swine
Cattle
Blue foxAnhui (2017); Gansu (2006); Guangdong (2018); Guizhou (2008); Hainan (1964, 2018); Hebei (2002); Henan (2011); Hubei (2010); Hunan (2017); Inner Mongoria (2018); Jilin (2017, 2018); Liaoning (2006); Shandong (2017); Shanghai (2005); Shanxi (2012); Sichuan (2012, 2018); Taiwan (2002); Yunnan (2005, 2007, 2010, 2012) CHAOV Ae. vexans
Cx. pipiensLiaoning (2008); Inner Mongolia (2018) AeFV Ae. albopictus Hubei (2018); Shanghai (2016); Yunnan (2018) CxFV Cx. pipiens
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus
An. sinensis
Cx. modestusGansu (2011); Henan (2004); Hubei (2018); Inner Mongolia (2018); Liaoning (2011); Shaanxi (2012); Shandong (2009, 2012, 2018); Shanghai (2016, 2018); Shanxi (2012); Taiwan (2010); Xinjiang (2012) QBV Cx. tritaeniorhynchus
Cx. pipiens
An. sinensisHainan (2018); Hubei (2018); Inner Mongolia (2018); Shandong (2018); Shanghai (2016, 2018) Abbreviations: AeFV=Aedes flavivirus; CHAOV=Chaoyang virus; CxFV=Culex flavivirus; GETV=Getah virus; LNV=Liao ning virus; QBV=Quang Binh flavivirus; TMUV=Tembusu virus; ZIKV=Zika virus. Table 1. Vectors, hosts, geographic distributions, and collection years of emerging mosquito-associated viruses in China (2010–2020).
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