World Hepatitis Day 2025: Progress and Challenges in the Global Elimination of Viral Hepatitis

Minghui Li^1,2,3,#; Weihua Cao¹; Yao Xie^1,2,3

1. Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;

2. HBV Infection, Clinical Cure and Immunology Joint Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;

3. Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China.

^# Corresponding author: Minghui Li, liminghui0809@ccmu.edu.cn.

The year 2025 marks the 15th anniversary of World Hepatitis Day, a milestone that has witnessed remarkable progress in global viral hepatitis prevention and treatment. This article systematically examines the establishment and evolution of World Hepatitis Day, emphasizing the latest achievements in hepatitis control through 2025. Current data demonstrate that global hepatitis B vaccine coverage has surpassed the 90% target, while a cumulative 12,748,000 hepatitis C patients received direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment from 2014 to 2023. Despite these advances, persistent challenges including suboptimal diagnosis rates and pronounced regional disparities continue to impede progress toward the 2030 elimination objectives. Drawing from the most recent epidemiological data, this article presents targeted recommendations to accelerate global elimination efforts.

2025年世界肝炎日：全球消除病毒性肝炎的进展与挑战

李明慧^1,2,3,#；曹卫华¹；谢尧^1,2,3

1. 肝病二科，首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院，北京，中国；

2. HBV感染、临床治愈与免疫联合实验室，首都医科大学， 北京，中国；

3. 肝病二科，北京大学地坛教学医院，北京，中国。

^# 通信作者: 李明慧，liminghui0809@ccmu.edu.cn。

2025年正值世界肝炎日设立15周年，这一里程碑见证了全球病毒性肝炎防治领域取得的显著进展。本文系统回顾了世界肝炎日的设立背景与发展历程，重点阐述了截至2025年在肝炎防治领域的最新成果。当前数据显示：全球乙肝疫苗覆盖率已突破90%的目标值，而2014至2023年间累计有1274.8万丙肝患者接受直接抗病毒药物（DAAs）治疗。尽管取得上述进展，诊断率不理想、地区差异显著等持续存在的挑战，仍在制约着2030年消除目标的实现进程。基于最新流行病学数据，本文提出针对性建议以加速全球消除行动。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.167

Evaluations of Community-based Healthcare Management for Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis — Shanghai Municipality, China, 2012–2023

Hong Ren^1,&; Di Xu^2,&; Lingxiao Qu^3,&; Xin Shen¹; Kaiyun Chen¹; Qichao Pan¹; Jiayu Hu¹; Yang Shi¹; Jian Li^2,#; Xin Chen^1,#

1. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China;

2. National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;

3. Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China.

^& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding author: Jian Li, jli@chinaaids.cn; Xin Chen, chenxin@scdc.sh.cn.

Current strategies for chronic viral hepatitis prevention and control include immunization, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, expanded testing, antiviral therapy, and national drug price negotiations. To standardize the management of patients with chronic hepatitis and reduce the morbidity and mortality of hepatitis-related disease, Shanghai has implemented a community-based pilot program that integrates public health and clinical care for chronic viral hepatitis management in 2012. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Shanghai’s community-based healthcare program at three time points (2012, 2019, and 2023), assessing key indicators including antiviral treatment rates and disease status changes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Data were managed using EpiData 3.1, with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests performed using SPSS 29.0. The study enrolled 1,478, 1,901, and 7,714 patients in 2012, 2019, and 2023, respectively. During the management period, the number of enrolled patients increased substantially from baseline. The antiviral treatment rates in 2019 and 2023 reached 64.5% and 58.2%, with both significantly higher than the baseline rate of 24.5% in 2012. Concurrently, abnormality rates for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and fibrosis indices decreased significantly in 2019 and 2023. The 2023 aMAP score further revealed a decline in hepatocellular carcinoma risk among managed patients (32.2% vs. 26.3%). With enhanced community healthcare capacity, 14.1% (2019) and 18.2% (2023) of patients accessed community dispensing services, aligning with the strategy to decentralize testing and treatment for disease elimination. Community-based healthcare management for chronic hepatitis in Shanghai provides patients with decentralized hepatitis-related testing and treatment services, offering valuable insights for integrating testing and treatment with public health initiatives.

慢性病毒性肝炎患者社区健康管理效果评估 — 上海市，中国，2012–2023年

任宏^1,&；徐迪^2,&；屈凌霄^3,&；沈鑫¹；陈恺韵¹；潘启超¹；胡家瑜¹；施阳¹；李健^2,#；陈昕^1,#

1.上海市疾病预防控制中心，上海，中国；

2.性病艾滋病预防控制中心，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

3.公共卫生学院，复旦大学，上海，中国。

^& 共同第一作者。

^# 通信作者: 李健，jli@chinaaids.cn; 陈昕，chenxin@scdc.sh.cn。

目前，慢性病毒性肝炎的预防与控制策略主要包括免疫接种、预防母婴传播、扩大检测、抗病毒治疗以及国家药品价格谈判等。为规范慢性肝炎患者管理，降低肝炎相关疾病的发生和死亡，自2012年起上海市基于医防融合理念开展了慢性肝炎患者社区健康管理试点工作。本研究评估了上海市慢性肝炎患者社区健康管理在三个时间点（2012年、2019年和2023年）的实施效果，评估的关键指标包括抗病毒治疗率、病情变化以及肝癌的发生风险等。使用EpiData 3.1录入数据，使用SPSS 29.0进行描述性统计和卡方检验。本研究在2012年、2019年和2023年分管纳入管理了1,478例、1,901例和7,714例慢性肝炎患者。在管理期间，在管患者的数量较基线期显著增加，2019年和2023年的抗病毒治疗率分别达到64.5%和58.2%，均显著高于2012年的基线水平（24.5%）。同时，2019年和2023年与病情相关指标包括乙型肝炎病毒DNA （HBV DNA)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBIL）以及纤维化指标的异常率均显著下降。aMAP风险评分结果也显示，2023年中接受管理的患者肝细胞癌风险较2019年也有所降低（32.2% vs. 26.3%）。随着社区诊疗服务能力的提升，在2019年和2023年分别有分别有14.1%和18.2%的患者接受了社区配药服务，这符合WHO提出将检测和治疗下沉至社区的消除策略。上海市慢性肝炎社区健康管理为患者提供"去中心化"的肝炎相关检测和治疗服务，可为将检测和治疗与公共卫生相结合提供参考。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.137

Partner Tracing Survey and Phylogenetic Analysis Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive MSM — Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 2019–2022

Hu Tang^{1, &}; Lan Wei^{2, &}; Zijie Yang^{3, &}; Yue Zhu⁴; Yan Zhang²; Chenli Zheng²; Xiaohong Yuan⁵; Jiachun Chen⁶; Jin Zhao^1,2,#

1. School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China;

2. Sexually Transmitted Disease & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Control and Prevention Section, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China;

3. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China;

4. Shenzhen Nanshan Maternity and Child Health care Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China;

5. School of Public Health Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China;

6. School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China.

^& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding author: Jin Zhao, szaids2@wjw.sz.gov.cn.

In China, the proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) among newly diagnosed HIV infections is continuously increasing. This study aimed to identify undiagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shenzhen MSM through partner tracing (PT) and to explore potential transmission linkages using phylogenetic analysis. From 2019 to 2022, newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSMs were recruited as index cases to participate in PT by convenience sampling. Data were collected through offline questionnaires and the National HIV/AIDS Surveillance Database. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method was conducted based on HIV Pol region gene sequences to determine genetic associations. Of the 486 index cases, a total of 579 sexual partners were traced, of whom 19.9% tested positive for HIV. Among these HIV-positive partners, 83.9% were newly diagnosed infections, and 33.3% were recent infections. Only 8.9% of epidemiologically linked index cases - HIV-positive partner pairs showed genetic associations. Index cases with regular partners were significantly more likely to identify HIV-positive partners [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–3.23]. PT is effective in identifying undiagnosed HIV infection and is recommended for further promotion in the MSM population. However, only parts of the epidemiologically linked infected pairs also exhibited genetic association. Therefore, combining PT with phylogenetic analysis can help to more accurately identify the actual transmission network and inform more targeted intervention strategies.

新诊断HIV感染男男性行为者性伴追踪调查与系统发育分析 — 深圳市，广东省，中国，2019–2022年

唐虎^1,&；卫兰^2,&；杨梓杰^3,&；朱悦⁴；张燕²；郑陈丽²；袁小洪⁵；陈嘉淳⁶；赵锦^1,2,#

1.公共卫生学院，山西医科大学，太原，山西省，中国；

2.深圳市疾病预防控制中心，深圳市，广东省，中国；

3.公共卫生学院，北京大学，北京，中国；

4.深圳市南山区妇幼保健院，深圳市，广东省，中国；

5.公共卫生学院，南方医科大学，广州市，广东省，中国；

6.公共卫生学院，汕头大学，汕头市，广东省，中国。

^& 共同第一作者。

^# 通信作者：赵锦，szaids2@wjw.sz.gov.cn。

在中国，男男性行为者(men who have sex with men ,MSM)在新诊断HIV感染中的比例不断上升。本研究旨在通过性伴追踪（partner tracing ,PT)识别深圳MSM中未被诊断的HIV感染者，并利用系统发育分析探讨其传播关联。2019年至2022年期间，通过便利抽样招募新诊断的HIV阳性MSM作为指示病例参与PT。数据通过离线问卷和国家HIV/AIDS监测数据库收集。基于HIV Pol区基因序列，采用系统发育分析中最大似然法进行基因关联判断。在486例指数病例中，共追踪到579名性伴侣，其中19.9%检测为HIV阳性。在这些HIV阳性性伴中，83.9%为新诊断感染，33.3%为近期感染。仅有8.9%的流行病学相关指示病例-HIV阳性性伴对存在基因关联。具有固定性伴的指数病例显著更可能识别出HIV阳性性伴[校正优势比(aOR)=1.81；95%置信区间(CI)：1.02–3.23]。PT在发现未诊断的HIV感染方面效果显著，建议在MSM人群中进一步推广。然而，仅有部分在流行病学上存在关联的感染者配对在基因水平上也呈现关联性。因此，需要将PT与系统发育分析相结合，从而更准确识别实际传播网络，并为制定更具针对性的HIV防控策略提供科学依据。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.168

The First Imported Case of Zika Virus Infection — Shandong Province, China, 2025

Shu Zhang¹; Julong Wu¹; Dong Wang²; Jiandong Song³; Yan Li¹; Chunhong Yin¹; Chengxi Sun¹; Shujun Ding¹; Liu Ti^1,4,5; Zengqiang Kou^1,4,5,#

1. Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China;

2. Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China;

3. Jinan Tianqiao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China;

4. School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China;

5. School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China.

^# Corresponding author: Zengqiang Kou, sdsjbyfkzzx-bdbs@shandong.cn.

On March 20, 2025, a suspected Zika virus (ZIKV) case departed Thailand and flew to Nanning Wuxu International Airport before transiting to Jinan. Upon receiving notification, local CDCs immediately initiated comprehensive epidemiological investigations, laboratory testing, and preventive control measures. We collected urine, sputum, and blood samples from the patient for analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect ZIKV nucleic acid. Metagenome Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) was performed on the urine sample to obtain complete viral genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis was subsequently constructed using the obtained sequences to determine the origin, genotype, and mutation profile of this imported case. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed ZIKV presence in the patient's urine, sputum, and serum samples. The mNGS successfully generated the complete ZIKV genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the ZIKV strain belonged to the Asian lineage, exhibiting 99.57% nucleotide homology with a ZIKV strain from Bangkok, Thailand (GenBank accession no. OR264645.1). Based on the patient's epidemiological history, clinical presentation, and nucleic acid test results from multiple specimens, this case was confirmed as the first imported ZIKV infection documented in Shandong Province, with the infection source traced to Thailand.

首例寨卡病毒输入性病例 — 山东省，2025年

张淑¹；吴巨龙¹；王东²；宋健东³；李岩¹；尹春红¹；孙成玺¹；丁淑军¹，刘倜^1,4,5；寇增强^1,4,5,#

1 山东省疾病预防控制中心，济南市，山东省，中国；

2 济南市疾病预防控制中心，济南市，山东省，中国；

3 天桥区疾病预防控制中心，济南市，山东省，中国；

4 山东第一医科大学，济南市，山东省，中国；

5 山东第二医科大学，潍坊市，山东省，中国。

^# 通信作者：寇增强，sdsjbyfkzzx-bdbs@shandong.cn。

2025年3月20日，一例疑似寨卡病毒（ZIKV）感染病例从泰国出发，经广西南宁吴圩国际机场转机至济南。当地疾控中心接到报告后，立即展开了流行病学调查、实验室检测，并采取了预防措施。我们采集了患者的尿液、痰液和血液样本。使用实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）方法检测患者样本中寨卡病毒的核酸情况。运用宏基因组测序（mNGS）方法对尿液样本进行测序，并基于获得的序列构建了系统发育树，从而确定了该输入病例的来源、基因型和突变位点。qRT-PCR方法检测证实该患者尿液、痰液和血清样本中存在寨卡病毒。mNGS方法成功获取了寨卡病毒的全基因组序列。系统发育树分析显示，该寨卡病毒株属于亚洲谱系，与泰国曼谷的寨卡病毒株（GenBank登录号OR264645.1）核苷酸有99.57%的同源性。根据患者的流行病学史、临床表现及样本的核酸检测结果，确诊该病例为山东省首例输入性寨卡病毒感染病例，感染源来自泰国。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.169