National Fitness Day: Evolving from “Getting Active” to “Promoting Health”

Qiang Feng^1,#

1. National Fitness and Scientific Exercise Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.

^# Corresponding author: Qiang Feng, fengqiang@ciss.cn.

Since its establishment in 2009, National Fitness Day (August 8 of each year) has emerged as a pivotal platform for China to advance mass sports participation and promote healthy lifestyles nationwide. Through strategic annual themes and comprehensive programming — including integrated online-offline initiatives and Olympic partnerships — the campaign has substantially enhanced public engagement in physical activity. National fitness has been elevated to national strategic priority, resulting in remarkable improvements to infrastructure and participation metrics: sports facilities now total 4.84 million nationwide, per capita sports venue area has expanded significantly, the percentage of citizens meeting National Physical Fitness Surveillance Standards has improved, and regular exercise participation has increased from 28.2% to 37.2%. Despite these achievements, persistent challenges remain in achieving regional equity, expanding coverage among priority populations, and providing adequate scientific guidance. Future development requires leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and other emerging technologies to establish precision-based service delivery systems. Strengthening engagement among key demographics — particularly youth and elderly populations — while advancing evidence-based, sustainable national fitness initiatives will be essential for achieving "Healthy China" objectives.

全民健身日：从"倡导健身"到"促进健康"

冯强^1,#

1. 体育科学研究所国民体质与科学健身研究中心，国家体育总局，北京，中国。

^# 通信作者：冯强，fengqiang@ciss.cn。

"全民健身日（每年8月8日）"自2009年设立以来，已成为中国推动大众体育和健康生活方式的重要载体。通过年度主题口号和多样化活动，如线上线下联动、奥运协同等，有效提升了公众参与度。全民健身先后被纳入国家战略，基础设施和参与率显著改善：体育场地达484万个，人均体育场地面积和国民体质合格率均有所提升，经常锻炼人口比例从28.2%增至37.2%。然而，区域均衡、重点人群覆盖和科学指导仍需加强。未来需借助人工智能（AI）、大数据等技术，构建精准化服务体系，强化青少年和老年人等重点群体参与，推动全民健身科学化、常态化发展，助力"健康中国"目标实现。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.176

Epidemiological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Bacillary Dysentery Outbreaks — China, 2008–2024

Ao Luo^1,2, Yang Song³, Fengfeng Liu³, Zhaorui Chang^3,#, Yanping Zhang³

1. Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;

2. Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China;

3. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

^# Corresponding author: Zhaorui Chang, changzr@chinacdc.cn.

The incidence of bacillary dysentery has declined significantly in China, yet bacillary dysentery (BD) outbreaks persist across multiple regions. This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of BD outbreaks nationwide and proposes targeted interventions for outbreak prevention and control. This study obtained BD outbreak data from the Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System in China for descriptive epidemiological analysis and employed unconditional logistic regression to identify factors influencing outbreak magnitude. During 2008–2024, China reported 176 BD outbreaks involving 9,854 cases and four deaths. The median attack rate and interquartile range for outbreaks were 5.99% (2.53%, 13.32%). Annual outbreak reports decreased throughout the study period, with no outbreaks documented in 2023 and 2024. Among all outbreaks, 75.6% occurred in rural areas, and 76.7% were reported in schools. Most outbreaks occurred during September or October (52.3%). Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri were the predominant outbreak pathogens; the principal transmission routes were waterborne (47.7%) and foodborne (23.9%). Median and interquartile ranges for response times and case counts were 3 (2, 6) days and 44 (25, 71) cases, respectively. Factors associated with larger outbreak size included S. sonnei as the causative pathogen, waterborne transmission, and outbreak duration of eight days or longer. In China, BD outbreak frequency has decreased substantially. September and October represent high-risk months, with schools serving as the primary outbreak setting during the back-to-school season. Strengthening bacillary dysentery prevention and control in educational institutions, with particular attention to water and food hygiene, remains essential for outbreak prevention.

细菌性痢疾暴发疫情的流行病学特征及影响因素分析 — 中国，2008-2024年

罗傲^1,2；宋扬³；刘凤凤³；常昭瑞^3,#；张彦平³

1.中国现场流行病学培训项目，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

2.传染病预防控制所，广东省疾病预防控制中心，广州市，广东省，中国；

3.传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，传染病处，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国。

^# 通信作者：常昭瑞, changzr@chinacdc.cn。

近年来我国细菌性痢疾报告发病率呈现出显著下降的态势，但细菌性痢疾的暴发疫情仍在国内部分地区时有报告。本研究旨在深入分析全国细菌性痢疾暴发疫情的流行病学特征，提出针对性的预防控制措施。本研究数据来源于中国突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统。获取2008—2024年全国细菌性痢疾暴发疫情的数据和调查报告。采用描述性流行病学分析方法进行三间分布特征描述分析，采用非条件logistic回归模型分析细菌性痢疾暴发疫情发生规模的影响因素。2008–2024年间，我国共报告176起细菌性痢疾暴发疫情，涉及9,854例病例和4例死亡。暴发疫情的中位罹患率及四分位距为5.99%（2.53%，13.32%）。在研究期间，每年报告的暴发疫情报数量呈下降趋势，其中2023年和2024年无暴发疫情报告。农村（75.6%）和学校（76.7%）是细菌性痢疾暴发疫情的高发场所，9月和10月报告疫情最多，占52.3%。宋内志贺菌和福氏志贺菌是引起暴发疫情的主要病原体；主要传播途径为经水传播（47.7%）和经食物传播（23.9%）。发现时间和病例数的中位值及四分位距分别为 3（2,6）天和 44（25,71）例。宋内志贺菌、经水传播以及疫情持续时间≥8天是引起较大规模暴发疫情的影响因素。我国细菌性痢疾暴发疫情报告逐步较少。9月和10月是高发月份，学校是开学季的主要暴发场所。加强学校细菌性痢疾的防控，尤其注意水和食品卫生，对预防细菌性痢疾暴发疫情至关重要。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.177

Co-harboring bla_KPC-2 and bla_IMP-4 on an IncP Plasmid in A Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae — Shanghai Municipality, China, 2023

Meng Wang¹; Jumao Huang²; Dai Kuang³; Jieming Qu²; Cui Tai^1,#

1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

2 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

3 School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou city, Hainan Province, China.

^# Corresponding author: Cui Tai, ctai@sjtu.edu.cn.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a significant global public health threat. The dissemination of resistance is accelerated by plasmids harboring multiple carbapenemase genes, posing a particular challenge to the limited treatment options, including ceftazidime-avibactam. In this study, a CRKP strain, KpBSI024, was isolated from from a patient with bloodstream infection in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China. The whole-genome sequencing combined with bioinformatic analysis was used to investigate the structural features of plasmids and associated resistance genes. In addition, conjugation experiments were conducted to assess the transferability of the resistance plasmid. KpBSI024 exhibited resistance to carbapenems and ceftazidime-avibactam and was identified as sequence type ST1514. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that two carbapenemase genes, bla_KPC-2 and bla_IMP-4, coexisted on a 53 kb IncP6-type plasmid. This plasmid exhibited a complex structure, likely formed through multiple recombination events mediated by IS26 between plasmids of different Inc types. Although the resistance plasmid encodes a type IV secretion system, it lacks a relaxase gene and is therefore non-self-transmissible; however, it could be transferred at low frequency to Escherichia coli with the assistance of a conjugative plasmid. The growth of the transconjugants was not affected by the acquisition of the resistance plasmid, and they displayed resistance profiles to carbapenems and ceftazidime-avibactam similar to the donor strain. The coexistence of bla_KPC-2 and bla_IMP-4 on an IncP-type plasmid in a clinical K. pneumoniae isolate highlights the critical role of recombination events in the dissemination of resistance genes. The emergence of such multidrug-resistant plasmids underscores the urgent need for genomic surveillance and the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies to control the spread of high-risk resistance plasmids.

肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株中bla_KPC-2和bla_IMP-4基因共存于一个IncP质粒上 — 上海市，中国，2023年

王萌¹；黄桔茂²；旷代³；瞿介明²；台萃^1,#

1. 生命科学技术学院微生物代谢全国重点实验室，上海交通大学，上海，中国；

2. 呼吸与危重症医学科，上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院，上海，中国；

3. 热带医学学院，海南医科大学，海口市，海南省，中国。

^# 通讯作者: 台萃，ctai@sjtu.edu.cn。

碳青霉烯耐药肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP）是全球公共卫生的重要威胁。携带多种碳青霉烯酶基因的质粒加速了耐药性的传播，尤其对有限的治疗药物如头孢他啶-阿维巴坦构成挑战。本研究在中国一家三甲医院ICU的血流感染患者中分离出一株CRKP KpBSI024。通过全基因组测序结合生物信息学方法，分析质粒的结构特征与耐药基因。同时，开展耐药质粒的接合实验，探讨其转移特性。CRKP KpBSI024对碳青霉烯类药物和头孢他啶-阿维巴坦产生抗性，属于ST1514分型。全基因组测序表明，两个碳青霉烯类耐药基因bla_KPC-2和bla_IMP-4同时位于一个53 kb的IncP6型质粒。该质粒结构复杂，推测其由两个不同Inc分型的质粒经IS26介导的多步重组形成。该耐药质粒编码IV型分泌系统但缺乏松驰酶基因，不能自主转移；但是，在接合型质粒的辅助下可低频转移至大肠埃希菌。接合子的生长未受到该耐药质粒的影响，接合子也表现出与供体菌相似的对碳青霉烯类药物和头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的抗性。在肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株的一个IncP型质粒中同时发现bla_KPC-2与bla_IMP-4共存，显示出重组事件在耐药基因传播中的重要作用。此类多重碳青霉烯耐药质粒的出现预示着耐药性传播的加剧，强调开展基因组监测和创新抗菌策略的紧迫性，以控制高风险耐药质粒的扩散。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.178

Genomic Insights into Genetic Characteristics of Chromobacterium haemolyticum — China, 2023

Bei Wei^1,&; Yuhang Pei^2,&; Yanan Wang^2,3,4,5,#; Xuebin Xu^6,#

1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qintang District People’s Hospital, Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;

2. International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China;

3. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;

4. Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China;

5. Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China;

6. Division of Pathogen Testing and Analysis, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.

^& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding authors: Xuebin Xu, xuxuebin@scdc.sh.cn; Yanan Wang, wangyanan1001@henau.edu.cn.

Chromobacterium haemolyticum (C. haemolyticum) can cause invasive infections in humans. This study aims to reveal the genomic characteristics of C. haemolyticum and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control. Species identification was performed through isolation culture and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility testing determined resistance phenotypes. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to predict antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes and to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of global C. hemolyticus genomes. In this study, a C. haemolyticum strain was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The isolate was sensitive to chloramphenicol, macrolides, and trimethoprim, while resistant to beta-lactams. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that most global strains carry carbapenemase-encoding genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain from this patient was closely related to a pond-derived C. haemolyticum isolate from Yangzhou, China. This study uncovered the genetic characteristics of C. haemolyticum from various sources worldwide, including antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, providing important reference for clinical treatment.

基因组学视角下的溶血色杆菌遗传特征 — 中国，2023年

韦蓓^1,&; 裴宇航^2,&; 王亚楠^2,3,4,5,#; 许学斌^6,#

1. 检验科，贵港市覃塘区人民医院，贵港市，广西壮族自治区，中国；

2. 国家动物免疫学国际联合研究中心，动物医学院，河南农业大学，郑州市，河南省，中国；

3. 中国科学院病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室，中国科学院微生物研究所，中国科学院，北京，中国；

4. 龙湖现代免疫实验室，郑州市，河南省，中国；

5. 河南省医学科学院，郑州市，河南省，中国；

6. 病原生物检定所，上海市疾病预防控制中心，上海，中国。

^& 共同第一作者。

^# 通信作者：许学斌，xuxuebin@scdc.sh.cn；王亚楠，wangyanan1001@henau.edu.cn。

溶血色杆菌可对人体造成侵袭性感染，本研究通过比较基因组学分析，揭示人源溶血色杆菌的遗传特征，为临床诊疗和防控提供参考依据。通过分离培养、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱进行物种鉴定，抗生素药物敏感试验进行测定耐药表型，高通量测序和生物信息学手段预测耐药基因和毒力基因，并对全球的溶血色杆菌基因组进行比较分析传播演化特征。本研究从一例广西病人的肺泡灌洗液中分离到一株溶血色杆菌，对氯霉素、大环内酯类和甲氧苄啶敏感，对β-内酰胺类药物耐药。比较基因组学分析发现全球大多数溶血色杆菌携带碳青霉烯酶基因。系统发育分析显示来自本研究患者的菌株与中国扬州的池塘源溶血色杆菌有着密切的遗传关系。本研究通过对全球多种宿主来源的溶血色杆菌基因组分析，揭示了溶血色杆菌耐药性、毒力等遗传特征，为临床治疗提供重要参考依据。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.148

Genomic Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Evolution of Vibrio cholerae O139 — Anhui Province, China, 2013–2024

Weiwei Li¹; Yong Sun¹; Tai Ma¹, Wanhang Lu¹, Nan Sa¹, Lei Gong¹, Xinxin Wang¹, Jiaming Tian¹, Yongkang Xiao¹, Liangliang Jiang³, Xiangying Wang⁴, Ge Bu⁵, Guozhou Liu⁶, Xiaoxue Yang¹, Zhuhui Zhang¹, Wenchang Li¹, Jinbao Huang^2,#; Zhiguo Cao^1,#

1. Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China;

2. State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China;

3. Maanshan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan City, Anhui Province, China;

4. Bozhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bozhou City, Anhui Province, China;

5. Fuyang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang City, Anhui Province, China;

6. Bengbu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bengbu City, Anhui Province, China.

^# Corresponding authors: Jinbao Huang, jinbaohuang@ahau.edu.cn; Zhiguo Cao, caozhiguo@ahcdc.com.cn.

Recent cholera outbreaks in Anhui Province have been linked to Vibrio cholerae O139, but information on these strains is limited. We established the first genomic dataset of local O139 strains to analyze the genomic characteristics and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Thirty-four Vibrio cholerae O139 isolates from Anhui (2013–2024) were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Genes for virulence, antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity islands, and mobile genetic elements were predicted using ABRicate and other online tools. To construct a phylogenetic tree, 124 publicly available O139 genomes were included in the single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis alongside the study isolates. Strains formed two clusters that were genetically closer to China isolates than with those from Bangladesh and India. All strains harbored ctxA and ctxB, with partial deletions in virulence genes and pathogenicity islands; over 50% lacked vgrG-2 in the T6SS. Strains from 2022–2024 exhibited higher azithromycin but lower trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance than those collected during 2013 –2017. Vibrio cholerae O139 in Anhui are endemic to China, with limited virulence but strong colonization abilities. The increased azithromycin resistance rate may be driven by its clinical antimicrobial usage, suggesting its potential for continued antibiotic resistance evolution.

.

O139群霍乱弧菌基因组特征及抗生素耐药性演变 — 安徽省，中国，2013–2024年

栗薇薇¹；孙永¹；马泰¹；陆皖行¹；撒楠¹；龚磊¹；王昕昕¹；田佳明¹；肖永康¹；江良梁³；王祥英⁴；卜戈⁵；刘国洲⁶；杨小雪¹；张竹慧¹；李文昌¹；黄进宝^2,#；操治国^1,#

1.安徽省疾病预防控制中心，合肥市，安徽省，中国；

2. 茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室，安徽农业大学，合肥市，安徽省，中国；

3.马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心，马鞍山市，安徽省；

4.亳州市疾病预防控制中心，亳州市，安徽省；

5.阜阳市疾病预防控制中心，阜阳市，安徽省；

6.蚌埠市疾病预防控制中心，蚌埠市，安徽省。

^# 通信作者：黄进宝，jinbaohuang@ahau.edu.cn; 操治国, caozhiguo@ahcdc.com.cn。

近年来，安徽省霍乱疫情均由O139群霍乱弧菌引起，但关于这些菌株的信息有限。本研究构建了安徽省首个O139群霍乱弧菌基因组数据集，并分析菌株基因组特征和抗生素耐药性演变。收集安徽2013-2024年34株O139群霍乱弧菌，通过二代测序获取全基因组序列。使用ABRicate软件结合在线分析网站对其进行毒力基因、耐药基因、致病岛和可移动遗传元件预测。将其和124条公开发表的O139群霍乱弧菌基因组序列进行单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）分析后构建进化树。34条序列形成2个进化分支，且相比来源于孟加拉国和印度的序列，与中国的序列亲缘关系更近。所有菌株均携带ctxA和ctxB，但其他毒力基因和致病岛存在不同程度缺失。超过50%菌株的Ⅵ型分泌系统（T6SS）缺失vgrG-2。2022-2024年菌株对阿奇霉素耐药率高于2013-2017年菌株，但对复方新诺明耐药率下降。安徽省O139群霍乱弧菌可能来源于中国本土，菌株毒力有限，但具有较强的定植能力。阿奇霉素耐药率上升可能与临床用药相关，提示O139群霍乱弧菌耐药性持续演变的可能性。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.179