From Global Consensus to Local Action: China’s Strategic Response to Emerging Drug Use Trends

Haoliang Cui¹; Jianyi Zhang¹; Wenkai Luo¹; Erri Du²; Zhongwei Jia^1,#

1. Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.

2. SILC Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.

^# Corresponding author: Zhongwei Jia, jiazw@bjmu.edu.cn.

Drug use has emerged as a growing global concern. Since the 1909 International Opium Commission, the international community has established a comprehensive multilateral framework through the UN drug control conventions of 1961, 1971, and 1988. The establishment of the UNODC in 1997 further strengthened coordinated global efforts. The number of people who use drugs has risen to 292 million in 2022, a 20 percent increase over 10 years. Notably, the past-year prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents aged 15–16 surpasses that of adults globally. China has both contributed to and actively responded to these international initiatives. In 2007, the Anti-Drug Law of the People's Republic of China was enacted. National campaigns such as the "People's War on Drugs," the "Liangjian Project," and the "Skynet" surveillance system have led to a significant reduction in newly found drug users. With emerging substances like nitrous oxide gaining popularity among adolescents, China has intensified its prevention-oriented policies. In early 2025, the Ministry of Justice issued a dedicated national notice calling for local governments to launch diverse and targeted anti-drug education campaigns focused on "preventing adolescent drug abuse." This reflects China's forward-looking and multifaceted strategy in response to the evolving landscape of drug abuse.

从全球共识到中国行动：对新型毒品使用趋势的战略应对

崔浩亮¹；张建一¹；罗文凯¹；杜尔日²；贾忠伟^1,#

1. 全球卫生学系，公共卫生学院，北京大学，北京，中国；

2. 悉尼工商学院，上海大学，上海，中国。

^# 通信作者: 贾忠伟，jiazw@bjmu.edu.cn。

毒品使用已成为全球日益关注的问题。自1909年万国禁烟会以来，国际社会通过1961年、1971年和1988年三项联合国禁毒公约，建立了较为全面的多边治理框架。1997年，联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室的设立进一步加强了全球协调合作。到2022年，吸毒人数增至2.92亿，意味着10年间增长20%。值得注意的是，15至16岁青少年在过去一年中的大麻使用率已超过全球成年人的使用率。中国持续积极地作出回应。2007年，《中华人民共和国禁毒法》被审议通过。“禁毒人民战争”、“亮剑工程”以及 “天眼系统”等国家级专项行动，有效减少了新发现吸毒人员数量。随着笑气等新型物质在青少年群体中逐渐流行，中国不断强化以预防为导向的政策。2025年初，司法部印发专门通知，要求各地围绕“防范青少年药物滥用”主题，集中开展多样化、精准化的禁毒宣传教育活动，体现了中国在应对不断演变的药物滥用格局方面所采取的前瞻性和多维度战略。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.145

Enhanced Genomic Surveillance Is Essential for Effective Salmonella Outbreak Response

Yanan Wang^1,2,#; Xuebin Xu³; Baoli Zhu⁴; George F. Gao^4,5,6

1. International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China;

2. Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China;

3. Division of Pathogen Testing and Analysis, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China;

4. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;

5. The D. H. Chen School of Universal Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China;

6. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

^# Corresponding author: Yanan Wang, wangyanan1001@henau.edu.cn.

Salmonella has been listed in the 2024 Bacterial Priority Pathogens List by the World Health Organization. Recent outbreaks caused by Salmonella Mbandaka (S. Mbandaka) in several countries in North America and Europe pose significant global public health challenges. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and comparative genomic analyses revealed that these outbreak strains were genetically linked to previously identified strains from pre-cooked, frozen chicken meat used in ready-to-eat products in Europe and inside of boxes used to transport poultry in the USA, respectively. Genomic analysis revealed increasing AMR trends in S. Mbandaka worldwide, a total of 95 acquired antibiotic resistance genes were identified, including genes conferring resistance to clinical critically important antibiotics, such as carbapenem, colistin, fosfomycin, azithromycin, and third-generation cephalosporin. However, at the global level, WGS data on Salmonella (especially S. Mbandaka) is not enough, data sharing is not very timely, and the coverage is not wide enough. Therefore, we call for strengthening international close genomic surveillance and timely data sharing to effectively respond to Salmonella outbreaks and the rise of AMR trends.

加强基因组监测对有效应对沙门菌暴发至关重要

王亚楠^1,2,#；许学斌³；朱宝利⁴；高福^4,5,6

1. 国家动物免疫学国际联合研究中心，动物医学院，河南农业大学，郑州市，河南省，中国；

2. 龙湖现代免疫实验室，郑州市，河南省，中国；

3. 上海市疾病预防控制中心病原生物检定所，上海，中国；

4. 中国科学院病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室，中国科学院微生物研究所，中国科学院，北京，中国；

5. 浙江大学陈廷骅大健康学院，杭州市，浙江省，中国；

6. 中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国。

^# 通信作者：王亚楠，wangyanan1001@henau.edu.cn。

沙门菌已被世界卫生组织列入2024年细菌类重点病原体目录。最近在北美洲、欧洲多国由姆班达卡沙门菌引起的暴发疫情对全球公共卫生构成重大挑战。全基因组测序和比较基因组分析显示，这些暴发菌株分别与先前从欧洲用于预制、即食的冷冻鸡肉和美国用于运输家禽的运输箱内分离的菌株存在遗传相关性。基因组学分析表明全球姆班达卡沙门菌的耐药性呈上升趋势，已鉴定出95个可移动耐药基因，包括临床治疗的重要抗菌药物，如碳青霉烯、多黏菌素、磷霉素、阿奇霉素和第三代头孢菌素耐药。然而，在全球范围内，沙门菌（尤其是姆班达卡沙门菌）的全基因组测序数据还不够多、数据共享不是很即时、覆盖面不够广。在此，我们呼吁加强跨国范围的基因组监测和及时的数据共享，共同应对全球沙门菌暴发疫情和耐药趋势的上升。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.151

Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Cluster Analysis of Scrub Typhus — China, 2006–2023

Yao Qin^1,2,3,&; Shijian Zhou^1,&; Qi Wang^2,3; Huijie Qin¹; Junyuan Chen¹; Sihan Li¹; Yanping Zhang¹; Qiulan Chen^1,#

1. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;

2. Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;

3. Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.

^& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding author: Qiulan Chen, chenql@chinacdc.cn.

Scrub typhus, also known as jungle typhus, is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected chiggers carrying Orientia tsutsugamushi. In recent years, it has reemerged as a significant public health concern in China, with cases being identified in an increasing number of previously unaffected regions. Data were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). We employed Joinpoint 5.1.0 for trend analysis and RStudio 4.4.1 for statistical analyses, including Mann-Whitney U tests (non-parametric), Cochran-Armitage tests, and binary logistic regression. SaTScan 9.1.1 and ArcGIS 10.7 were utilized to identify high-risk spatial clusters. Scrub typhus incidence in China increased dramatically from 0.095/100,000 to 2.357/100,000 between 2006 and 2023. The epidemic trend was categorized into 3 distinct phases: a rapid increase period [APC_2006-2013=37.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 31.4%, 43.0%], a slow increase period (APC_2014-2018=13.4%, 95% CI: 4.6%, 23.0%), and a peak-plateau period (APC_2019-2023=-0.2%, 95% CI: 3.2%, 3.0%), with annual cases ranging from 24,870 to 33,229. The proportion of individuals aged ≥45 years demonstrated an increasing trend (AAPC=2.0%). We identified 3 distinct seasonal patterns across China: summer, autumn, and summer-autumn patterns. This study revealed distinct spatiotemporal characteristics of scrub typhus in China, with the primary cluster concentrated in Yunnan Province and geographic expansion from southwestern, southern, and eastern regions toward central and northern China. Scrub typhus incidence in China has increased substantially and has reached a peak plateau phase. The disease exhibits distinct spatiotemporal distribution patterns, necessitating targeted control measures in affected regions.

恙虫病流行特征与时空聚类分析 — 中国，2006–2023年

秦瑶^1,2,3,&；周世健^1,&；王奇^2,3；覃慧婕¹；陈俊元¹；李思寒¹；张彦平¹；陈秋兰^1,#

1. 中国疾病预防控制中心，传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，北京，中国；

2. 中国现场流行病学培训项目，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国；

3. 四川省疾病预防控制中心，成都市，四川省，中国。

^& 共同第一作者

^# 通信作者：陈秋兰，chenql@chinacdc.cn。

恙虫病（Scrub typhus），又称丛林斑疹伤寒（jungle typhus），是通过感染恙虫病东方体（Orientia tsutsugamushi）的恙虫叮咬传播给人类的病媒传染病。近年来，恙虫病在中国再次成为一个公共卫生问题，新发现病例的地方越来越多。数据来自中国疾病预防控制信息系统（CISDCP）。研究使用 Joinpoint 5.1.0 进行趋势分析；使用 RStudio 4.4.1 进行统计分析，包括 Mann-Whitney U 检验（非参数检验）、Cochran-Armitage 检验和二元逻辑回归；使用 SaTScan 9.1.1 和 ArcGIS 10.7识别聚集区。从2006年到2023年，中国恙虫病发病率从0.095/10万上升到2.357/10万。发病趋势分为三个阶段：快速上升期（APC_2006-2013=37.1%，95% CI: 31.4%，43.0%）、缓慢上升期（APC_2014-2018=13.4%，95% CI: 4.6%，23.0%）和高峰-平缓期（APC_2019-2023=-0.2%，95% CI: 3.2%，3.0%），病例数从24,870例到33,229例不等。年龄≥45岁者的比例呈上升趋势（AAPC=2.0%）。我们在中国发现了三种季节性模式，包括夏季、秋季和夏秋季。这项研究表明，中国恙虫病具有明显的时空特征，主要聚集在云南省，并从西南、华南和华东地区向华中和华北地区扩展。中国恙虫病的发病率显著上升，目前已处于高峰期。其地域分布具有明显的时空特征，需在相关地区采取防控措施。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.146

Niche Analysis of Spatial Distribution and Host Selection of Global Echinococcus Species — Worldwide, up to June 30, 2024

Xu Wang^1,2; Qingqiu Zuo¹; Chuizhao Xue¹; Baixue Liu¹; Yan Kui¹; Xueying Deng³; Yang Yang^4,5; Mengqing Li¹; Shuai Han^1,6,#; Zhenghuan Wang^7,#; Yujuan Shen¹; Jianping Cao^1,4,5

1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;

2. Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China;

3. Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Province, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China

4. Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

5. One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, China

6. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

7. School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

^# Corresponding authors: Shuai Han, hanshuai@nipd.chinacdc.cn; Zhenghuan Wang, zhwang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn.

Echinococcosis is a fatal parasitic disease caused by infection with the larval stages of Echinococcus spp. This study explored the spatial distribution characteristics and the host selection patterns of global Echinococcus species based on niche analysis, to provide a scientific insights for the prevention and control of echinococcosis. Relevant literature was retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases. Data on the host information and geographic locations for all Echinococcus species worldwide were extracted. The spatial distribution characteristics of Echinococcus were summarized, and the host frequency heatmaps were generated using the SRplot platform. Niche indices were calculated and visualized using R language packages and the Hiplot Pro platform. The ten existing Echinococcus species were documented across 1,770 provincial-level administrative divisions in 113 countries, involving 188 species of host animals. Significant heterogeneity with varying degrees of overlap and differentiation were observed in spatial and host niches among Echinococcus species. The overall spatial distribution among Echinococcus species showed a significantly negative correlation (VR=0.85, W=1,502.79<2 0.951,770), while host selection patterns revealed no significant correlation (VR=0.90, 2 0.95187<W=167.70<2 0.05187). Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis exhibited the broadest spatial niche (B_Eg=7.34) and host niche (B_Em=3.07), respectively. The spatial distribution and host selection among Echinococcus species exhibit complex heterogeneity and correlations, requiring the development of targeted strategies for the prevention, control, and surveillance of echinococcosis.

棘球绦虫物种空间分布与宿主选择的生态位分析 — 全球，截至2024年6月30日

王旭^1,2；左清秋¹；薛垂召¹；刘白雪¹；蒉嫣¹；邓雪莹³；杨扬^4,5；李梦晴¹；韩帅^1,6,#；王正寰^7,#；沈玉娟¹；曹建平^1,4,5

1. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室重庆，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际研究中心，上海，中国；

2. 国家卫生健康委包虫病防治研究重点实验室，拉萨市，西藏自治区，中国；

3. 成都市疾病预防控制中心，成都市，四川省，中国；

4. 全球健康学院，上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心，上海，中国；

5. 全健康研究中心，上海交通大学医学院-爱丁堡大学，上海，中国；

6. 生命科学学院，华东师范大学，上海，中国；

7. 生命科学学院，复旦大学，上海，中国。

^# 通信作者：韩帅，hanshuai@nipd.chinacdc.cn；王正寰，zhwang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn。

棘球蚴病（echinococcosis）是一种由棘球绦虫（Echincococcus）幼虫感染引发的致命性寄生虫病。本研究基于生态位分析探讨了全球棘球绦虫物种的空间分布与宿主选择特征，为棘球蚴病防控提供科学依据。从 Web of Science、PubMed、ScienceDirect 和中国知网数据库检索相关文献，提取全球所有棘球绦虫的宿主信息及发现地点数据。总结棘球绦虫的空间分布特征，在SRplot 平台绘制其宿主频率热图，借助 R 语言程序包和 Hiplot Pro 平台计算并可视化其生态位指数。全球现有的10 种棘球绦虫分布于 113 个国家的 1770 个省级行政区，涉及 188 种宿主动物。不同棘球绦虫的空间生态位和宿主生态位存在明显的异质性和不同程度的重叠和分化，虫种间的空间分布总体呈负相关（VR=0.85, W=1,502.79<2 0.951,770），宿主选择相关性则不显著（VR=0.90, 2 0.95187<W=167.70<2 0.05187）。细粒棘球绦虫（E. granulosus）和多房棘球绦虫（E. multilocularis）分别具有最宽的空间生态位（B_Eg=7.34）和宿主生态位（B_Em=3.07）。棘球绦虫物种间的空间分布和宿主选择存在异质性和关联性，棘球蚴病的防控和监测需制定针对性策略。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.147

Drug Resistance of Imported P. falciparum and P. vivax Isolates — China, 2021–2023

He Yan¹; Yan Deng²; Siqi Wang¹; Jianhai Yin¹; Zhigui Xia^1,#; Jianping Cao^1,3,#

1. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China;

2. Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Puer City, Yunnan Province, China

3. The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

^# Corresponding author: Jianping Cao, caojp@chinacdc.cn; Zhigui Xia, xiazg@nipd.chinacdc.cn.

Malaria remains the leading cause of infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. ACTs continue to be the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum. However, the global spread of antimalarial drug resistance, particularly artemisinin resistance, has become an increasing concern over time. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated following the World Health Organization's guidelines for iDES. This study assessed ACPR and parasitemia on day 3 of treatment. Molecular surveillance of resistance-associated genes, including pfk13, pfcrt, and pfmdr1, was conducted on collected P. falciparum isolates. The iDES of AS plus DHA-PPQ was implemented in 2023, while CQ efficacy was monitored from 2021 to 2023. LCF for DHA-PPQ was detected in 1 of 26 P. falciparum cases in 2023, and in 1 of 26 and 1 of 90 P. vivax cases for CQ in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The corresponding ACPR rates were 96.2%, 100%, 96.2%, and 98.8%. The average positive parasitemia rate on day 3 post-treatment was 21.8%. Molecular polymorphism analysis revealed 9 nonsynonymous mutation haplotypes in the pfk13 gene, while 97.7% of samples presented the wild-type genotype. For the chloroquine resistance-associated pfcrt gene, 2 mutant haplotypes, 'CVIET' and 'SVMNT', were detected with frequencies of 16.7% (70/418) and 0.48% (2/418), respectively, while the wild-type haplotype 'CVMNK' predominated at 82.8% (346/418). In the pfmdr1 gene, 5 nonsynonymous point mutations and 8 haplotypes were identified. The Y184F mutation showed the highest prevalence at 40.5% (170/420). The 7 mutant haplotypes detected were V65L (0.2%, 1/420), N86Y (1.9%, 8/420), F408V (0.9%, 4/420), D1246Y (0.5%, 2/420), V65L/Y184F (0.2%, 1/420), N86Y/Y184F (0.7%, 3/420), and Y184F (39.8%, 167/420). The antimalarial drug efficacy studies conducted for AS plus DHA-PPQ and CQ demonstrated that these treatments remain effective. However, the occurrence of LCF cases and persistent parasitemia on day 3 indicate decreasing sensitivity of these first-line drugs for treating P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. Therefore, continuous iDES and molecular surveillance of antimalarial drugs must be enhanced to provide early warning and guide appropriate responses to the spread of antimalarial drug resistance.

输入性恶性疟与间日疟的耐药性分析 — 中国，2021–2023年

燕贺¹；邓艳²；王思琪¹；尹建海¹；夏志贵^1,#；曹建平^1,3,#

1. 国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，国家级热带病国际联合研究中心，寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），中国疾病预防控制中心，上海，中国；

2. 云南省虫媒传染病防控研究重点实验室，云南省寄生虫病防治所，云南省疟疾研究中心，普洱市，云南省，中国

3. 全球健康学院，上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心，上海，中国。

^# 通信作者：曹建平，caojp@chinacdc.cn；夏志贵，xiazg@nipd.chinacdc.cn。

疟疾是全球范围内传染病相关发病和死亡的主要原因。青蒿素联合疗法（ACTs）等抗疟药物仍是治疗恶性疟等非重症疟疾的一线方案。然而，抗疟药物耐药性（尤其是青蒿素耐药性）的扩散已逐渐引发全球关注。本研究根据世界卫生组织（WHO）整合的药物疗效追踪（integrated drug efficacy studies ，iDES）法评估药物疗效，包括充分临床和寄生虫学反应（ACPR）及治疗第3天的寄生虫血症水平，并对采集的恶性疟病例开展耐药相关基因（pfk13、pfcrt、pfmdr1）的分子监测。青蒿琥酯（AS）联合双氢青蒿素-哌喹（DHA-PPQ）治疗恶性疟的iDES评估于2023年实施，氯喹（CQ）治疗间日疟的评估则于2021—2023年开展。2023年，26例恶性疟病例中1例出现DHA-PPQ的晚期临床治疗失败（LCF）；氯喹治疗中，2022年26例恶性疟病例中1例、2023年90例间日疟病例中1例出现LCF，其ACPR率分别为96.2%、100%、96.2%和98.8%。治疗后第3天寄生虫血症平均阳性率为21.8%。分子多态性分析结果显示1)pfk13基因共鉴定出9种非同义突变单倍型，97.7%的样本为野生型基因型;2)pfcrt基因（氯喹耐药相关）检出两种突变单倍型"CVIET"（16.7%，70/418）和"SVMNT"（0.48%，2/418），其余样本以野生型单倍型"CVMNK"为主（82.8%，346/418）;3)pfmdr1基因发现5种非同义点突变及8种单倍型。Y184F突变检出率最高（40.5%，170/420），其他突变单倍型包括V65L（0.2%，1/420）、N86Y（1.9%，8/420）、F408V（0.9%，4/420）、D1246Y（0.5%，2/420）、V65L/Y184F（0.2%，1/420）、N86Y/Y184F（0.7%，3/420）和Y184F（39.8%，167/420）。本研究通过iDES评估发现，AS联合DHA-PPQ及氯喹仍具疗效，但LCF病例和治疗后第3天原虫血症阳性现象提示，上述一线药物分别对恶性疟和间日疟的敏感性呈下降趋势。因此，需加强抗疟药物的持续iDES评估与分子监测，以实现耐药性早期预警并指导用药策略优化。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.149

Tick-Borne Infectious Diseases in China, 2003–2023

Yinshan Zhu^1,2; Tianxiang Jiang^1,2; Zhishan Sun^1,2; Jingxian Yin^1,2; Hanqing Zhao^1,2; Xiaonong Zhou^1,#; Kokouvi Kassegne^1,#

1. School of Global Health, Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;

2. School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

^# Corresponding author: Kokouvi Kassegne, ephremk@hotmail.fr; Xiaonong Zhou, xiao-nong.zhou@sjtu.edu.cn.

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a substantial threat to global public health, including China. This article systematically reviews the epidemiology of TBDs in Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2023. We retrieved and analyzed the incidence and distribution of notable bacterial, viral, and parasitic TBDs in China, and discussed their clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and vectors. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is the leading TBD in China, with cases rapidly increasing since its first report in 2009, and a high case fatality rate of 5%–33% in patients with severe disease. Other TBDs reported in China include spotted fever group rickettsiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Lyme borreliosis, babesiosis, and tick-borne encephalitis. Infections with emerging tick-borne pathogens, such as Yezo virus and Beiji nairovirus, have appeared very recently. Although evidence of human infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Francisella tularensis, and Bartonella is currently unavailable, continuous monitoring of these pathogens remains necessary. This study enhances our understanding of TBDs, provides guidance for public health decision-making regarding important bacterial, viral, and parasitic TBDs.

2003至2023年中国的蜱传疾病

朱银山^1,2；姜天翔^1,2；孙芷珊^1,2；尹静娴^1,2；赵翰卿^1,2；周晓农^1,#；Kokouvi Kassegne^1,#

1. 全球健康学院，国家热带病研究中心，上海交通大学医学院，上海交通大学全健康研究中心，上海，中国；

2. 公共卫生学院，上海交通大学医学院，上海，中国。

^# 通信作者：Kokouvi Kassegne, ephremk@hotmail.fr; 周晓农, xiao-nong.zhou@sjtu.edu.cn.

蜱传疾病（TBDs）对包括中国在内的全球公共卫生构成了重大威胁。本文系统回顾了2003年至2023年中国大陆蜱传疾病的流行病学情况。检索并分析了中国主要的细菌性、病毒性和寄生虫性蜱传疾病的发病率和分布情况。同时还探讨了这些蜱传感染性疾病的临床特征、诊断方法和传播媒介。严重发热伴血小板减少综合征是中国最主要的蜱传疾病，自2009年首次报告以来，相关病例报告迅速增加，病情严重患者的病死率高达5%–33%。中国报告的其他蜱传疾病还包括斑点热群立克次体病、人粒细胞无形体病、莱姆病、巴贝虫病和蜱传脑炎。诸如Yezo virus感染和北极内罗病毒感染等新出现的蜱传病原体感染病例近期开始出现。虽然目前尚无克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、土拉弗朗西斯菌和巴尔通体人类感染的相关证据，但所有这些都需要持续监测。本研究增进了我们对蜱传疾病的了解；为有关重要的细菌性、病毒性和寄生虫性蜱传疾病的公共卫生决策提供了指导。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.150