Analysis of Service Utilization and Medication Adherence Among Attendees of HIV Nonoccupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Clinics — China, 2022–2024

Mengnan Tan¹; Jie Xu¹; Wei Dong^1,#

1. National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

^# Corresponding authors: Wei Dong, dongwei@chinaaids.cn.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) clinics are specialized healthcare facilities that provide urgent medical interventions to individuals with potential high-risk HIV exposures. This study analyzed utilization patterns of HIV nPEP services in China and examined factors associated with medication adherence among consultees, providing evidence to inform further implementation and optimization of HIV nPEP interventions. This study analyzed nPEP case data collected from the national nPEP data information system between November 1, 2022, and November 1, 2024, using SPSS 29.0 software. Chi-square tests were applied to analyze characteristics of nPEP consultees, and logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing medication adherence and follow-up compliance among those who initiated treatment. As of November 1, 2024, 924 nPEP clinics nationwide received 54,108 consultees, with 53,405 (98.70%) initiating medication. Most individuals seeking services were male (88.63%), classified as high-risk (83.11%), and heterosexual with multiple partners (67.66%). The "BIC/FTC/TAF" regimen was selected by 63.07% of recipients. Nearly all users (99.03%) completed medication evaluation within 72 hours post-exposure. Among medication users, 60.34% (30,650) adhered to the full 28-day regimen, and 60.10% (30,509) completed either one-month or three-month follow-ups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified gender, exposure risk assessment results, exposure population classification, individual preferences, and medication regimen as significant factors influencing both 28-day medication adherence and follow-up compliance (P<0.05). nPEP clinic consultees in China are predominantly young male heterosexual individuals with multiple sexual partners, with most selecting the Biktarvy regimen. However, both current 28-day medication adherence and follow-up compliance rates remain suboptimal. High-risk men and those receiving the Biktarvy regimen demonstrate superior medication adherence and follow-up compliance compared to other groups. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions to improve medication adherence and follow-up rates among nPEP recipients. Enhancing adherence and follow-up should be prioritized in future interventions, supported by continuous monitoring to inform timely intervention strategy adjustments.

HIV非职业暴露后预防门诊就诊者服务利用现状及服药依从性分析 — 中国，2022–2024年

谭梦楠¹；徐杰¹ ；董薇^1,#

1. 性病艾滋病预防控制中心，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国。

^# 通信作者：董薇，dongwei@chinaaids.cn。

HIV非职业暴露后预防（Nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis，nPEP）门诊是专门为潜在高危HIV暴露者提供紧急医学干预的医疗机构。这项研究分析了中国HIV nPEP门诊就诊者暴露后预防（Post-exposure Prophylaxis，PEP）服务的利用现状，并探讨了影响就诊者服药依从性相关因素，为进一步实施和优化HIV nPEP干预措施提供依据。我们分析了2022年11月1日至2024年11月1日期间，通过国家nPEP数据信息系统收集的个案数据，并使用SPSS 29.0软件进行统计分析。采用卡方检验分析nPEP求询者特征，采用logistic回归模型识别影响服药者服药依从性和随访依从性的相关因素。截至2024年11月1日，全国共有924个nPEP门诊，共接待54,108名求询者，其中53,405人（98.70%）启动服药。大多数求询者为男性（88.63%）、高风险（83.11%）的异性多性伴者（67.66%）。其中63.07%的服药者选择必妥维（BIC/FTC/TAF）服药方案。几乎所有使用者（99.03%）能够在暴露后72小时内完成用药评估。启动服药者中，60.34%（30,650人）规范完成28天服药方案，60.10%（30,509人）完成1个月或3个月随访。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示：性别、暴露风险评估结果、暴露人群分类、求询者意见、服药方案是服药者规范完成28天服药方案和配合完成1月或3月随访的影响因素（P＜0.05）。中国nPEP门诊的求询者以年轻的男性异性多性伴者为主，其中大多数选择必妥维药物方案。然而，目前28天规范服药依从性和随访依从性并不理想。服药方案为必妥维（BIC/FTC/TAF）的高风险男性相较其他类型服药者更能够规范完成28天服药方案，随访依从性也更好。未来需进一步研究以制定有针对性的干预措施，提高nPEP服药者的依从性和随访率。提高服药和随访依从性应作为未来干预的首要方向，并通过持续的监测以便为及时调整干预策略提供依据。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.185

Auxiliary Diagnostic Value of the Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 mRNA Release Assay for Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS — Beijing Municipality, China, 2022–2024

Hongxia Yan^1,&; Hongfei Duan^2,&; Xiaoxu Han¹; Jin Sun¹; Qingtao Liang²; Yan Zhao³; Zhenglai Ma¹; Ning Ding¹; Meixin Ren¹; Taiyi Jiang¹; Tong Zhang¹; Bin Su^1,4,#

1. Beijing Key Laboratory for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;

2. Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;

3. Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;

4. Central Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

^& Joint first authors.

^# Corresponding author: Bin Su, binsu@ccmu.edu.cn.

Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected individuals presents significant challenges due to difficulties in obtaining specimens containing adequate quantities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA assay independently and in combination with established diagnostic tests for tuberculosis detection. The study cohort comprised 111 HIV-infected individuals who presented with TB at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2022 to 2024. Participants were categorized into confirmed TB, probable TB, or non-TB groups according to the diagnostic criteria for tuberculosis (WS288-2017). The performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay was evaluated by the STARD guidelines on blood samples collected after enrollment. The IP-10 mRNA release assay demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity than interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) and culture methods for confirming pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis while maintaining comparable specificity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of the IP-10 mRNA release assay used in parallel with Xpert MTB/RIF significantly exceeded that of the IP-10 mRNA release assay alone (0.731 vs. 0.687, P=0.02). Among HIV-infected individuals, the IP-10 mRNA release assay showed superior performance compared to IGRAs for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The IP-10 mRNA release assay exhibited excellent diagnostic performance and demonstrates substantial potential as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing TB in HIV-infected individuals. The combined application of IP-10.TB and Xpert MTB/RIF further enhance diagnostic efficacy.

γ-干扰素诱导蛋白-10 mRNA检测技术对HIV/AIDS患者结核分枝杆菌感染的辅助诊断价值 — 北京市，中国，2022–2024年

闫红霞^1,&；段鸿飞^2,&；韩晓旭¹；孙金¹；梁清涛²；赵艳³；马正来¹；丁宁¹；任美欣¹；姜太一¹；张彤¹；粟斌^1,4,#

1.艾滋病研究北京市重点实验室，中法艾滋病研究联合实验室，感染性疾病临床研究中心，首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院，北京，中国；

2. 结核科，首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院，北京，中国；

3. 检验科，首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院，北京，中国；

4. 中心实验室，首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院，北京，中国。

^& 共同第一作者。

^# 通信作者：粟斌，binsu@ccmu.edu.cn。

由于HIV感染合并结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）感染的患者痰液或其他样本中细菌载量较低，在一定程度上增加了诊断的难度。本研究旨在评估IP-10 mRNA释放试验的辅助诊断价值，及其与现有结核病检测方法联合诊断的价值。本研究队列纳入2022至2024年在北京佑安医院就诊的111例HIV感染者疑似Mtb感染的病例。参照《肺结核诊断标准（WS288-2017）》，受试者被分为确诊结核组、疑似结核组和非结核组。采用STARD指南对入组后采集的血样进行IP-10 mRNA释放试验的诊断价值评估。IP-10 mRNA释放试验在诊断肺结核时，灵敏度显著高于γ-干扰素释放试验（IGRAs）和培养法，特异性没有显著差异。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析显示，IP-10 mRNA释放试验与Xpert MTB/RIF联合应用的诊断效能显著优于单独使用IP-10 mRNA释放试验（曲线下面积：0.731 vs. 0.687，P=0.02）。此外，在HIV感染者中，IP-10 mRNA释放试验对肺外结核的诊断效能优于IGRAs。在HIV感染者结核病诊断中，IP-10 mRNA释放试验表现出良好的诊断性能，具有重要的辅助诊断价值。另外，IP-10.TB与Xpert MTB/RIF的联合检测可进一步提升诊断性能。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.186

Assessment of Intercultural Communication Competence for China Field Epidemiology Training Program (CFETP) Trainees — China, 2025

Jing Sun¹; Yuansheng Fang¹; Jiewen Wu¹; Hanran Ji¹; Mingfan Pang¹; Lili Wang¹; Xinping Yang¹; Na Li¹; Daijun Teng¹; Yating Sun^1; Xiaopeng Qi^1,#

1. Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

^# Corresponding author: Xiaopeng Qi, qixp@chinacdc.cn.

Advancements in global public health have increased the competency demands for public health professionals engaged in global health work in China. Intercultural communication competence, an integral component of global public health capabilities, enables trainees to build trust, collaborate effectively in multicultural contexts, and maintain cultural sensitivity and effectiveness in public health interventions. China Field Epidemiology Training Program (CFETP) trainees with an expressed interest in global health work were selected for this study. A questionnaire was used to evaluate their intercultural communication competence through a combination of subjective self-assessments and objective testing. A total of 77 CFETP trainees completed the survey. Self-assessment scores indicated a relatively high level of intercultural communication competence (scoring rate: 84.86%), whereas objective test scores were moderately lower (scoring rate: 72.21%). Key influencing factors included previous international experience, duration of time spent abroad, and proficiency in foreign languages. The participating CFETP trainees demonstrated above-average intercultural communication competence, although performance varied across specific dimensions. Future research should focus on addressing weaker aspects of intercultural skills among public health professionals through targeted training efforts.

中国现场流行病学培训项目（CFETP）学员跨文化交际能力评估

孙静¹；房元圣¹；武洁雯¹；纪瀚然¹；庞明樊 ¹；王立立¹；杨昕娉¹；李娜¹；滕岱君¹；孙雅婷¹；戚晓鹏^1,#

1. 全球公共卫生中心，中国疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国。

^# 通讯作者: 戚晓鹏，qixp@chinacdc.cn。

全球公共卫生的发展，对我国开展全球卫生工作的公共卫生人员提出了更高的能力要求。跨文化交际能力作为全球公共卫生能力的一个组成部分，能帮助学员在多元文化环境中建立信任、促进合作，并确保公共卫生干预措施的文化敏感性和有效性。在CFETP项目中挑选对于全球卫生工作感兴趣的学员作为研究对象，向其发放调查问卷，从主观自评和客观测试两方面综合评估这部分学员的跨文化交际能力。共有77名CFETP学员参加了此次调查，自评结果显示，CFETP学员的跨文化交际能力总体处于较高水平 (得分率为84.86%)，客观测试的总体得分率得分率略低一些 (72.21%)，处于中等水平。学员的出国经历、国外停留时间长短以及外语水平对跨文化交际能力具有显著影响。所调查CFETP学员的跨文化交际能力处于中等偏上等水平，但在各维度的得分具有不均衡性，未来对于公共卫生人员跨文化交际能力的薄弱部分应进行针对性的提升。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.187

An Outbreak of Dermatitis Caused by Redoa leucoscela Larvae in A Scenic Area — Tongren City, Guizhou Province, China, July–August 2024

Mei Xiao¹, Dafei Ren^1,#, Leting Ning¹, Qi Yang¹,Tian Fei¹

1 Tongren Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongren City, Guizhou Province, China.

^# Corresponding author: Dafei Ren, rdf74@126.com.

On August 13, 2024, the X County CDC reported that multiple villagers in Y Village within a scenic area had developed unexplained generalized pruritic rashes since July 10. Preliminary investigations revealed that most patients had swimming in the river prior to symptom onset. The incident generated public concern and negatively impacted local tourism. To identify the cause and control the outbreak, our center conducted an on-site investigation. Cases were defined as residents or visitors in Y Village presenting with rash and pruritus without other identifiable causes between July 10 and August 16, 2024. We identified cases through interviews with village doctors, household surveys, and medical record reviews. Thirty village cases comprised the case group, while 60 asymptomatic residents from the same period were randomly selected as controls (1:2 ratio). Household interviews collected exposure and allergy histories. We identified 32 cases (30 villagers, attack rate 9.29%; 2 tourists). Village cases ranged from 3 to 77 years of age. The 0–14-year age group exhibited the highest attack rate (26.92%), with rates declining significantly in older groups (χ²_trend=16.45, P<0.001). Symptom onset clustered between July 10 and August 16, peaking on July 20. The median symptom duration was 6 days (range: 3–14 days). All cases presented with rash and pruritus (100%), while 3.3% reported stinging pain. The highest and lowest attack rate was 32.08% and 2.48%, representing a significant difference (χ²=34.25, P<0.001). Environmental investigation revealed Redoa leucoscela larvae (expert-identified) parasitizing riverside Pterocarya stenoptera trees. River water detected urticating setae from R. leucoscela larvae. Univariate analysis identified significant risk factors as staying under P. stenoptera trees [odds ratio (OR)=14.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.29, 45.87] and swimming in the river (OR=4.60, 95% CI: 1.71, 12.38). Logistic regression demonstrated that staying under trees alone increased risk 6.25-fold (OR=6.25, 95% CI: 1.04, 37.67), while combined exposure to both trees and swimming dramatically increased risk 26.25-fold (OR=26.25, 95% CI: 5.17, 133.34). This dermatitis outbreak resulted from dermal contact with R. leucoscela larval urticating setae.

某景区一起丝点足毒蛾幼虫引发的皮疹暴发事件 — 铜仁市，贵州省，中国，2024年6月–8月

肖梅¹；任达飞^1,#；宁乐婷¹；杨琪¹；田飞¹

1 铜仁市疾病预防控制中心，铜仁市，贵州省，中国。

^# 通信作者: 任达飞，rdf74@126.com。

2024年8月13日接辖区X县疾控中心报告，7月10日起当地某景区环线内Y村多名村民出现不明原因全身红疹伴瘙痒。初步调查显示多数患者病前有下河游泳史。事件引发舆情，影响旅游业。为查明原因、控制疫情，疾控中心赴现场调查。定义病例为2024年7月10日至8月16日Y村出现皮疹瘙痒且无其他明确病因者。通过村医访谈、居民走访、查阅医疗机构病历等方式搜索并确认病例。纳入30例村民病例为病例组，按1:2随机抽取60名同期无症状村民为对照组，入户面访收集暴露史、过敏史等。开展环境勘查、河水水质检测及环境综合分析。共报告32例（村民30例，罹患率9.29%；游客2例）。村民病例年龄3–77岁；0–14岁组罹患率最高(26.92%)，随年龄增长递减，组间差异显著(χ²­_趋势=16.45, P<0.001)。发病集中于7月10日–8月16日，7月20日达峰，提示同源间断暴露。病程中位6天(3–14天)。症状以皮疹(100%)、瘙痒(100%)为主，少数伴辣痛(3.3%)。罹患率最高为32.08%，最低为2.48%，差异显著(P<0.001)。河边枫杨树寄生丝点足毒蛾幼虫（专家鉴定）；河水镜检出毒蛾幼虫毒毛。单因素分析显示枫杨树下停留(OR=14.03, 95% CI:4.29, 45.87)和下河游泳(OR=4.60, 95% CI:1.71, 12.38)为显著危险因素。分层分析显示仅树下停留风险增加6.25倍(OR=6.25, 95% CI:1.04, 37.67)；既停留又游泳风险激增至26.25倍(OR=26.25, 95% CI:5.17, 133.34)。本次事件系接触丝点足毒蛾幼虫毒毛引发的皮疹暴发。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2025.188