Adverse Effects of Opioid Analgesics in Osteoarthritis Treatment: A Global Meta-Analysis, 2000–2022
Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment commonly depends on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid medications. Nevertheless, the clinical use of opioids is controversial due to their adverse effects and addiction potential. This study, drawing on 24 randomized controlled trials with a total of 9,586 patients, thoroughly explored the various side effects associated with opioid use in OA treatment. The results provide additional insight into the non-addictive risks of opioids and may assist clinicians in their judicious use, potentially fostering the advancement of safer treatment options. By reducing the risks of misuse and addiction, public health and safety can be enhanced.
阿片类镇痛药在骨关节炎治疗中的不良反应:全球文献的Meta分析，2000年–2022年
骨关节炎(OA)的治疗主要依赖于非甾体抗炎药和阿片类药物。然而，由于阿片类药物的不良反应和成瘾风险，其临床使用存在争议。基于24项随机对照试验，共涉及9,586名患者，本研究全面阐明了与OA治疗中阿片类药物使用相关的各种副作用。研究结果进一步证明了阿片类药物的成瘾风险之外的副作用，可指导临床医师合理使用阿片类药物，并推动开发更安全的治疗策略。通过最大限度地减少滥用和成瘾的风险，可以最大程度地保障公众的健康与安全。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.115


Prevalence of Cannabis Use around the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2000–2024
This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of cannabis use worldwide for informing drug prevention, policy-making, and resource allocation. This study searched from peer-reviewed databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library to initially screen 177,843 studies published between January 1, 2000, and January 15, 2024, and 595 studies were ultimately identified for data extraction, of which 39 were selected as country-representative studies. This study used the chi-squared test and I2 statistic to assess the heterogeneity of the selected studies and sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the results. The prevalence of cannabis use ranged from 0.42% to 43.90% across 33 European countries, from 1.40% to 38.12% across 15 North and South American countries, from 0.30% to 19.10% across 16 Asian countries, and from 1.30% to 48.70% across 18 Oceania and African countries. The pooled prevalence of cannabis use was 12.0% (95% CI: 10.0, 14.3) in cannabis-legalized countries compared to 5.4% (95% CI: 4.3, 6.9) in non-legalized countries. Our findings indicated that the prevalence of cannabis use in most countries has disproportionately increased within the context of medical or recreational cannabis legalization policies and relevant geographic proximity. More efforts are needed to monitor new cannabis-legalized countries and prevent the initial use.
全球大麻使用流行率：一项系统综述和荟萃分析的研究，2000年–2024年
随着近年全球大麻管制放宽的国家不断增加，大麻防控面临更大的挑战。本研究拟系统分析全球大麻的流行率（prevalence），为完善全球大麻防控政策提供实证依据。研究检索了2000–2024年期间公开发表大麻相关的177,843篇研究性论文，其中39篇符合具有国家代表性标准被纳入最后分析。研究发现，大麻合法化国家中流行率明显高于非合法化国家[12.0%（95% CI：10.0，14.3） vs. 5.4%（95% CI：4.3，6.9）]。从地区分布看，欧洲的33个国家的大麻使用流行率为0.42%–43.90%；北美和南美州的15个国家中，流行率为1.40%–38.12%；亚洲的16个国家中，流行率为0.30%–19.10%；大洋洲和非洲的18个国家中，流行率为1.30%–48.70%。研究提示全球相当数量国家大麻的流行率出现不同比例的增长，其中医疗或娱乐大麻合法化的国家以及与其地理毗邻的国家增长更为明显，建议未来应该对已经或者即将大麻合法化国家加强监测，并加大大麻使用的防控策略。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.116


A Retrospective Investigation of a Case of Dual Infection by Avian-Origin Influenza A (H10N5) and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses — Anhui Province, China, December 2023–January 2024
Researchers have reported the first human case of co-infection with influenza A viruses H3N2 and H10N5 in Anhui Province, China. The 63-year-old female patient, who had pre-existing health conditions, experienced severe symptoms and passed away due to the infection. Investigations revealed that the patient had slaughtered a live duck at home, and the H10N5 virus sequence was identified in frozen duck meat from her refrigerator. No transmission to close contacts was observed. The H10N5 virus shares similarities with other avian influenza viruses that infect humans, such as exposure patterns, epidemiological characteristics, and clinical manifestations. Sequence analyses suggest that the virus likely originated from long-distance transmission by wild birds. This case highlights the importance of enhanced surveillance, prevention, and control measures to curb the spread of avian influenza and protect public health.
禽源性甲型流感（H10N5）和季节性甲型流感（H3N2）双重感染病例回顾性调查 — 安徽省，中国，2023年12月–2024年1月
本研究旨在调查和分析2023年12月至2024年1月期间在中国安徽省发生的全球首例人类双重感染禽源性H10N5和季节性H3N2流感病毒的病例，评估其对公共卫生的潜在影响，并提出相应的防控建议。通过回顾性流行病学调查，收集和分析了病例的临床资料、流行病学信息以及实验室检测结果。对密切接触者进行了健康跟踪和样本采集，同时对患者生活环境中的样本进行了病毒检测。利用基因测序技术分析了病毒的基因组序列，并与全球流感数据库中的序列进行了比较。一名63岁女性被确诊为双重感染H10N5和H3N2流感病毒的病例。患者有高血压、2型糖尿病、脑梗死、痛风性关节炎和心力衰竭等基础疾病。患者因严重肺炎和I型呼吸衰竭于2023年12月16日去世。密切接触者中未发现病毒传播。环境样本中在患者家中冰箱的冻鸭肉检测到了H10N5病毒序列。病毒基因组序列分析显示H10N5的HA基因属于美洲谱系，而NA基因属于欧亚谱系。本研究报道了全球首例人感染H10N5禽流感病毒的病例，表明该病毒具有跨种传播至人类的潜力。尽管目前未发现人际传播的证据，但该病毒的发现提醒我们要加强对禽流感病毒的监测和研究，以及提高公共卫生应对新发传染病的能力。此外，研究结果强调了活禽暴露在疾病传播中的潜在作用，需要进一步加强对这些市场的管理和监管。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.106


Enhancing Diagnosis and Treatment Adjustments for Travelers Infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei: A Case Report — Beijing Municipality, China, June 2023
This article reports a confirmed case of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in northern China, highlighting the need for vigilance regarding travel-related infectious diseases in non-endemic areas. A retrospective analysis was conducted on this case. The patient had a history of travel to Southeast Asia region with high melioidosis prevalence, during which he were stung on the foot by a jellyfish. The following day, his wounded foot was exposed to contaminated water in a jungle, after which he developed a fever. That evening, he returned to China. The patient's condition progressed rapidly, subsequently developing septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute kidney injury. The cultures of the child's peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and skin secretions, as well as metagenomics next-generation sequencing of pathogens in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, all indicate an infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei. The child's condition improved and he was discharged after receiving treatment with ceftazidime, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amoxicillin-clavulanate, and other medications, along with mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In non-endemic areas, healthcare workers need to remain vigilant regarding travel-related diseases for accurate differential diagnosis and to provide timely and effective treatment, especially for patients with recent travel history or symptoms during travel.
加强对旅游相关类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌的诊断和治疗：病例报告 — 北京，中国，2023年6月
本文报道了一例中国北方地区确诊的类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌感染病例，该病例提示非流行地区需警惕旅游相关传染病。对该病例进行回顾性分析。患儿具有东南亚类鼻疽流行地区旅游史，旅游期间被水母蜇伤足部。第二天，他受伤的足部接触到丛林中的污水，随后开始发烧。当天晚上，他返回中国。该患儿病情进展迅速，随后出现了脓毒性休克、急性呼吸窘迫综合征及急性肾损伤等。患儿外周血、肺泡灌洗液、皮肤分泌物培养及外周血、肺泡灌洗液病原微生物宏基因组检测均提示类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌感染。患儿经头孢他啶、美罗培南、复方磺胺甲恶唑及阿莫西林克拉维酸钾等药物，机械通气、连续性肾脏替代治疗及体外膜肺氧合等治疗后，好转出院。在非流行地区，医护人员需对旅行相关疾病保持警惕，及时有效治疗，尤其是近期有旅行史或旅行期间出现症状的患者。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.090