| [1] | Celli B, Fabbri L, Criner G, Martinez FJ, Mannino D, Vogelmeier C, et al. Definition and nomenclature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: time for its revision. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022;206(11):1317 − 25. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202204-0671pp. |
| [2] | Singh D, Litewka D, Páramo R, Rendon A, Sayiner A, Tanni SE, et al. DElaying disease progression in COPD with early initiation of dual bronchodilator or triple inhaled pharmacotherapy (DEPICT): a predictive modelling approach. Adv Ther 2023;40(10):4282 − 97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-023-02583-1. |
| [3] | GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;385(9963):117 − 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61682-2. |
| [4] | Yin P, Wu JY, Wang LJ, Luo CL, Ouyang LH, Tang XT, et al. The burden of COPD in China and its provinces: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Public Health 2022;10:859499. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.859499. |
| [5] | Chen H, Liu X, Gao X, Lv YP, Zhou L, Shi JW, et al. Epidemiological evidence relating risk factors to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021;16(12):e0261692. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261692. |
| [6] | Wang C, Xu JY, Yang L, Xu YJ, Zhang XY, Bai CX, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China (the China Pulmonary Health [CPH] study): a national cross-sectional study. Lancet 2018;391(10131):1706 − 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30841-9. |
| [7] | Fang LW, Gao P, Bao HL, Tang X, Wang BH, Feng YJ, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a nationwide prevalence study. Lancet Respir Med 2018;6(6):421 − 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30103-6. |
| [8] | Cai L, Wang XM, Liu L, Zhao Y, Golden AR. Socioeconomic differentials of trends in the prevalence and economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural southwest China. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):141 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15096-x. |
| [9] | Yu W, Lan YB, Sun DJY, Pei P, Yang L, Chen YP, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 50 and above - 10 CKB study areas, China, 2020-2021. China CDC Wkly 2024;6(43):1126 − 31. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2024.229. |
| [10] | Bollmeier SG, Hartmann AP. Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A review focusing on exacerbations. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2020;77(4):259 − 268. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz306. |
| [11] | Hou D, Li W, Liu Z, Zhang M, Li X, Cheang I, et al. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases (EXACOS-CV): a database study in China on mortality and severe cardiovascular events. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024;209:A1866. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1866. |
| [12] | Zhou ZF, Wang LJ, Zhou MG, Yin P. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-associated mortality - China, 2014-2021. China CDC Wkly 2024;6(43):1105 − 10. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2024.226. |
| [13] | Zhang DL, Pan X, Li SK, Liang D, Hou ZY, Li Y, et al. Impact of the national essential public health services policy on hypertension control in China. Am J Hypertens 2017;31(1):115 − 23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpx139. |
| [14] | Liu HL, Wang N, Chen W, Liu WY, Wang SP, Lei JB, et al. Hospitalization trends in adult patients with COPD and other respiratory diseases in Northeast China from 2005 to 2015. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:1060497. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1060497. |
| [15] | Huang Z, Gao M, Qin F, Li A, Woo A. Humanistic and economic burden among COPD patients in China: how does it compare with other common NCDs? 2024. https://www.ispor.org/heor-resources/presentations-database/presentation/intl2024-3898/135103. [2025-7-1]. |
| [16] | Chen SM, Kuhn M, Prettner K, Yu FY, Yang T, Bärnighausen T, et al. The global economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 204 countries and territories in 2020-50: a health-augmented macroeconomic modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2023;11(8):e1183 − 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00217-6. |
| [17] | National Health Commission (NHC). Healthy China initiative (2019-2030). 2019. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/c100133/201907/2a6ed52f1c264203b5351bdbbadd2da8.shtml. [2025-7-1]. (in Chinese). |
| [18] | Hussey AJ, Wing K, Ferrone M, Licskai CJ. Integrated disease management for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care, from the controlled trial to clinical program: a cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021;16:3449 − 64. https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.s338851. |
| [19] | Scarffe AD, Licskai CJ, Ferrone M, Brand K, Thavorn K, Coyle D. Cost-effectiveness of integrated disease management for high risk, exacerbation prone, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a primary care setting. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2022;20(1):39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-022-00377-w. |
| [20] | Chen QS, Fan YW, Huang K, Li W, Geldsetzer P, Bärnighausen T, et al. Cost-effectiveness of population-based screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a simulation modeling study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024;46:101065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101065. |