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2024 Vol. 6, No. 42

Preplanned Studies
Patient Delay in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Elderly — China, 2015–2023
Yushu Liu, Mingkuan Fan, Yuhong Li, Jiaojie Kang, Ybryim A, Tianxin Yan, Jun Cheng, Hui Zhang
2024, 6(42): 1075-1079. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.221
Abstract(2597) HTML (76) PDF 535KB(21)
Abstract:
What is already known about this topic?

Patient delay in seeking medical care for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), especially among elderly individuals with weakened immune systems and mild symptoms, not only slows their recovery but also increases the risk of tuberculosis spread because cases are not identified promptly.

What is added by this report?

In China, patient delays experienced by elderly PTB patients showed a modest decrease from 2015 to 2023. Notably, longer patient delays were observed among agricultural workers and those identified through passive case-finding methods. Furthermore, the patient delay in the western regions was longer than in the eastern and central regions.

What are the implications for public health practice?

The study underscores the imperative of accessible healthcare for the elderly to minimize patient delay in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment.

Characterization of a New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form CRF142_BC — Yunnan, China, 2015 and 2021
Min Chen, Huichao Chen, Shouxiong Lei, Jie Dai, Yanling Ma, Manhong Jia
2024, 6(42): 1080-1085. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.222
Abstract(2601) HTML (58) PDF 431KB(10)
Abstract:
What is already known about this topic?

Recombinant strains dominate the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in China. Yunnan Province was the first region in China to report HIV-1 infections in batches. The long-term HIV-1 epidemic led to the generation of various recombinant forms. Among the 47 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) reported in China, more than 20 were first identified in Yunnan Province.

What is added by this report?

This study reported a previously unrecognized HIV-1 CRF (CRF142_BC) characterized by the insertion of four short subtype B fragments into the subtype C backbone. CRF142_BC was estimated to have emerged in the mid-1990s, close to the time of the emergence of most known CRF_BCs in China.

What are the implications for public health practice?

The discovery of new CRFs will provide a basis for HIV-1 molecular tracing and intervention research. In addition, HIV-1 recombination can alter viral biological properties. The study of HIV-1 gene variants needs to be intensified.

Psychoactive Substance Use and the Impact on the AIDS Epidemic Among the MSM Population: a Meta-Analysis — Worldwide, 2014–2023
Donghang Luo, Jie Xu, Wei Luo
2024, 6(42): 1086-1092. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.223
Abstract(2644) HTML (49) PDF 888KB(8)
Abstract:
What is already known about this topic?

There is a correlation between psychoactive substance use and heightened human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) susceptibility in men who have sex with men (MSM) populations, although the precise impact on transmission risk remains unclear.

What is added by this report?

In MSM populations, rush poppers and amphetamines are widely used, with rates of 10.91% and 9.97%. In China, rush poppers usage is notably higher at 47.26%. For other regions and coutries, amphetamines (12.86%), rush poppers (3.62%), and GHB (3.34%) are most common. Overall, 17% of MSM use psychoactive substances, with higher HIV risk from amphetamines [Odds ratio (OR) 3.06] compared to rush poppers (OR 1.51) and general substances (OR 1.76).

What are the implications for public health practice?

This study supports the idea that targeting specific regions and types of psychoactive substances for reduction among MSM populations can help decrease HIV transmission as well as promote prevention strategies.

Assessment of the Potential for Cross-Border Transmission of Infectious Diseases via Commercial Air Travel — Shanghai Municipality, China, 2019–2023
Weimin Hao, Jieyan Gu, Yujue Wang, Li Wang, Liguang Hou, Ting Wang, Wei Zhang, Yi Zhang, Na He, Zhengan Tian
2024, 6(42): 1093-1097. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.224
Abstract(2765) HTML (49) PDF 277KB(7)
Abstract:
What is already known about this topic?

Despite the end of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), the changes in risks of travel-related infectious diseases and their impact on global health quarantine still call for great concern.

What is added by this report?

Our study indicated that the pattern of changes in the positive detection rate of arrivals was basically in line with the disease incidence in countries from which travel was initiated.

What are the implications for public health practice?

Accurate risk assessment at entry-exit ports can significantly enhance the efficiency of targeting high-risk international arrivals, especially in the early stages of epidemic control and prevention when available data are insufficient.

Methods and Applications
Risk Assessments for Type 1 Wild Poliovirus and Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Importation and Transmission — China, 2023
Wei Kang, Chunxiang Fan, Yifan Song, Zhaonan Zhang, Xiaoqi Wang, Miao Wang, Jing Ma, Mulei Chen, Yuzhen Yang, Yi Wen, Lei Cao, Lance Rodewald, Fuzhen Wang, Zundong Yin, Ning Wen, Hong Yang
2024, 6(42): 1098-1104. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.225
Abstract(2459) HTML (51) PDF 254KB(13)
Abstract:
Introduction

All countries face the potential threat of imported polioviruses, including both wild type and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses. In response, we conducted a province-level assessment in China to evaluate the risk of importation and transmission of type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) and type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2).

Methods

Distinct risk assessment tools for WPV1 and VDPV2 were employed, incorporating three primary indicators — population immunity, poliovirus surveillance, and importation risk. WPV1 was assessed using 13 secondary indicators, whereas VDPV2 utilized 21 secondary indicators. Assessments used comprehensive provincial data from the preceding five years. Scores (S-values) were derived from the secondary indicators’ criteria and ratings, and used to classify the provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) into three risk categories: high, medium, and low. The top 10% of PLADs were designated as high-risk, with the remaining provinces equally distributed into medium- and low-risk categories.

Results

In 2023, Xizang, Qinghai, and Xinjiang PLADs faced the highest risk of WPV1 importation and transmission; Xizang, Shaanxi, and Hainan PLADs were at the greatest risk for VDPV2 importation and transmission.

Conclusions

Risk assessment for VDPV2 importation and transmission has identified a distinct set of high-risk provinces compared to those identified by WPV1 risk assessment. Preventive and proactive response measures tailored to the specific risks should be implemented to maintain China’s polio-free status.