Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem, especially in China. China has the third largest TB burden in the world with nearly 0.9 million new TB cases emerging annually. Despite impressive achievements, China still faces many challenges in TB control that threaten further progress and the ability to meet the targets of the End TB strategy if not addressed. On July 15, 2019, the State Council of China issued Healthy China Initiative 2019–2030, which proposed 15 special campaigns including the Tuberculosis Control Action to guide the way for China’s TB prevention and control. This article introduces the current status of TB in China, achievements reached so far, and challenges remaining and interprets the targets and strategies from the individual, society, and government level in the Tuberculosis Control Action.