A Comprehensive Approach to Improving Children’s and Adolescents’ Mental Health

Ning Zhang^1#

1 School of Public Health and the SecondAffiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province, China

# Corresponding author: Ning Zhang, zhangning2019@zju.edu.cn.

The increasing prevalence of mental health issuesamong children and adolescents is a major public health concern in China,drawing attention from mental health researchers, practitioners, andpolicymakers. Children and adolescents’ mental health is typically influencedby various social, community, familial, and individual factors. Thus, acomprehensive, systematic, and coordinated approach is needed to improve theirmental health. This includes promoting positive development by discovering andcultivating their strengths; maintaining harmonious family relationships toprovide timely support; cultivating supportive and nurturing learning andgrowth environments at school and in the community; and, in the long run,building a resilient socioecological system to safeguard children andadolescents’ growth and development.

改善青少年心理健康的综合防控策略

张宁^1#

1浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院和附属第二医院，杭州市，浙江省，中国。

# 通信作者：张宁，zhangning2019@zju.edu.cn。

青少年心理健康问题流行率的持续上升正成为中国当前和未来所面临的重大公共健康挑战之一，受到越来越多的心理健康领域的研究者、实践者和政策制定者的关注。由于青少年的心理健康受到社会、社区、家庭、个体等多层面因素的影响，有必要采取综合性的、系统性的、协同性的策略来进行防控，包括通过发现和培育儿童青少年的性格优点来促进他们的积极心理发展，通过构建并保持和谐的家庭关系来为儿童青少年提供及时的心理支持，通过在社区和学校层面构建支持性的和赋能型的学习和成长环境来助力儿童青少年成长。最终，我们需要通过构建富有韧性的社会心理生态系统来更好地守护儿童青少年的成长和发展。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.211.

The Association Between Depression andAll-Cause, Cause-Specific Mortality in the Chinese Population — China,2010–2022

Jifei Wang^1,2; Zhenping Zhao²;Jing Yang²; LiminWang²; Mei Zhang²; Maigeng Zhou^1,2#

1.     Departmentof Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, ShandongUniversity, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.

2.     NationalCenter for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, ChineseCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

^# Correspondingauthor: Maigeng Zhou, zhoumaigeng@ncncd.chinacdc.cn.

Depression is apressing global health concern affecting populations worldwide. The studyconducted on a population-based cohort in China has underscored a significantlink between depression and increased mortality risks in the Chinesepopulation. The study, which followed over 98,000 individuals from 2010 to2022, discovered that those with moderate to severe depression had highermortality rates due to a range of causes, including cardiovascular diseases andinjuries. The findings indicate that the risk is distinctly higher for specificdemographics, notably males, urban residents, individuals under 60, and thosewith higher education levels. These results highlight the urgent need fortailored mental health interventions and support mechanisms, especially forat-risk subgroups. Considering the association of depression with harmfulbehaviors, metabolic changes, and increased injury-related mortalities, thestudy advocates for comprehensive care that integrates psychological treatmentswith strategies to prevent accidents and manage cardiovascular risk factors.This research provides crucial data for public health efforts aimed atmitigating the morbid consequences of depression in China, stressing theimportance of proactive and inclusive health policies.

中国人群的抑郁症与全因和死因别死亡的关联—中国，2010–2022

王济飞^1,2；赵振平²；杨静²；王丽敏²；张梅²；周脉耕^1,2#

1.  山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，山东，中国；

2.  中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国。

# 通信作者：周脉耕, zhoumaigeng@ncncd.chinacdc.cn。

抑郁症是一个全球性健康问题。本项针对中国以人群为基础的队列研究强调了抑郁症和中国人群死亡风险增加之间的显著联系。本研究从2010年至2022年对9.8万多名调查对象进行了跟踪，发现由于心血管疾病和伤害等一系列原因，中度至重度抑郁症患者的死亡率更高。研究结果表明，特定的人群，包括男性、城市居民、60岁以下的个人和那些受教育水平较高的人，有更高的死亡风险。这些结果表明了抑郁人群对于量身定制的心理健康干预措施和支持机制的迫切需要，特别是对于高死亡风险的人群。考虑到抑郁症与有害行为、代谢变化和伤害相关死亡增加之间的关系，本研究提倡将心理治疗与伤害预防和心血管危险因素管理相结合的综合护理。本研究为中国减轻抑郁症发病后果的公共卫生工作提供了关键数据，强调了积极主动和包容性的卫生政策的重要性。

For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.212

A Latent Class Analysis of Lifestyle Patterns in Relation to Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents — Jiangsu Province, China, 2022

Linyuan Lai^1*; Xin Wang^2*; Ying Li¹;Yan Wang²; Hui Xue¹; Xiaoyan Ni¹; Yifan Chen¹;Lijun Fan¹; Jie Yang^2#; Wei Du^1#

1. School ofPublic Health, Southeast University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China.

2. Departmentof Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China.

* Joint first authors.

# Corresponding authors: Jie Yang, july-summer@jscdc.cn; Wei Du, duwei@seu.edu.cn.

Depressive symptoms are a major contributorto global disability. The potential co-occurrence of multiple lifestylebehaviors has not yet been thoroughly examined. A study of 33,749 Chinesejunior high school students has identified four distinct lifestyle patterns andtheir association with depressive symptoms. Researchers found that 21.23% ofparticipants exhibited depressive symptoms, highlighting a significant mentalhealth concern among adolescents. The study categorized students into fourgroups: those with no targeted behaviors, dog owners who consume sugary drinksand use electronic media, cat owners with similar habits, and those exhibitingmultiple risk behaviors. Notably, cat owners who consumed sugary drinks andused electronic media were 1.59 times more likely to show depressive symptomscompared to the no-risk group. Students with multiple risk behaviors, includingsmoking, alcohol consumption, and poor sleep quality, had a 6.58 times higherrisk. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions fordifferent lifestyle groups to prevent and control depression in adolescents.The research underscores the need for comprehensive school-based programs thataddress specific behaviors such as improving sleep quality and preventing bullying.This study provides valuable insights for developing targeted mental healthstrategies for adolescents, though further longitudinal research is needed toestablish causal relationships.

青少年行为生活方式潜类别与抑郁症状的关联研究—中国江苏省，2022年

赖琳媛^1*；王欣^2*；李颖¹；王艳²；薛慧¹；倪晓燕¹；陈逸凡¹；范丽君¹；杨婕^2#；杜伟^1#

1 东南大学公共卫生学院，南京市，江苏省，中国；

2 江苏省疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康促进所，南京市，江苏省，中国。

* 共同第一作者。

# 通信作者：杨婕，Jie Yang, july-summer@jscdc.cn；杜伟, duwei@seu.edu.cn。

抑郁症状是导致全球残疾的一个主要因素，目前尚未对青少年多种行为生活方式的潜在类别及其与抑郁症状关联进行深入研究。本研究通过对 33,749 名中国初中生的研究确定了四种不同的生活方式及其与抑郁症状的关系。研究发现，21.23%的参与者表现出抑郁症状，提示了需关注青少年心理健康。潜类别分析提示青少年存在四种不同的行为模式：无目标行为的学生、饮用含糖饮料和使用电子媒体的养狗者、有类似习惯的养猫者以及表现出多种风险行为的学生。与无目标行为组相比，饮用含糖饮料和使用电子媒体的养猫者出现抑郁症状的几率要高出1.59倍。有多种危险行为（包括吸烟、饮酒和睡眠质量差）的学生出现抑郁症状的风险要高出6.58倍。这些发现强调了针对不同生活方式群体采取有针对性的干预措施对预防和控制青少年抑郁症的重要性。研究强调了针对特定行为（如改善睡眠质量和防止欺凌）的校园综合性计划的必要性。这项研究为制定有针对性的青少年心理健康策略提供依据，未来仍需进一步的纵向研究来确定因果关系。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.213

Global, Regional, and National Trends Analysis in Incidence of Genital Herpes Among the Population Aged 15–49 Years —Worldwide, 1990–2021

GuiyingCao¹; Jue Liu^1,2; Min Liu^1,2#; Wannian Liang^3,4#

1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, PekingUniversity, Beijing, China.

2Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, PekingUniversity, Beijing, China;

3Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;

4Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

#Corresponding authors: Min Liu: liumin@bjmu.edu.cn. Liang Wannian:liangwn@tsinghua.edu.cn.

Genital herpes infection is a chroniccondition that can cause recurrent symptoms, leading be distressing experiencedby those affected. Currently, there is a lack of global trend in genital herpesincidence, particularly among key populations such as reproductive-ageindividuals. This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021to analyze the trends in genital herpes incidence in the population aged 15–49 years from 1990 to 2021at the global, regional, and nationallevels. At the global level, the number of incident cases of genital herpes inpopulation aged 15–49 years increased by 51.97% from23.56 million in 1990 to 35.81 million in 2021, but the incidence ratesremained stable during this period, likely due to population growth. At theregional level, the incidence rates of genital herpes in population aged 15–49 years significantly increased in low-middle SDI region, SouthAsia, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, and Central Europe between 1990 and 2021. Atthe national level, a significant upward trend in incidence rates of genitalherpes in population aged 15-49 years was observed in 28 countries andterritories worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to optimizestrategies to prevent and control genital herpes infection, especially thedevelopment of vaccines against herpes simplex virus.

全球、地区和国家层面15-49岁人群生殖器疱疹发病率趋势分析 — 世界，1990–2021年

曹桂莹¹；刘珏^1,2；刘民^1,2#；梁万年^3,4#

1 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，北京，中国；

2 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室，北京，中国；

3 清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院，北京，中国；

4 清华大学健康中国研究院，北京，中国。

# 通信作者：刘民，liumin@bjmu.edu.cn；梁万年，liangwn@tsinghua.edu.cn。

生殖器疱疹感染是一种慢性疾病，可引起反复发作的症状，导致患者痛苦不堪。目前，缺乏生殖器疱疹发病率的全球趋势，特别是在育龄个体等关键人群。本研究利用2021年全球疾病负担研究数据分析了1990至2021年全球、地区和国家层面15-49岁人群生殖器疱疹的发病率趋势。结果显示，在全球层面，15-49岁人群生殖器疱疹新发病例1990年的2356万例增加到2021年的3581万例，增长了51.97%，但发病率在此期间保持稳定，这可能是由于人口增长。在地区层面，中低社会人口指数地区、南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲南部和中欧的15-49岁人群生殖器疱疹发病率在1990-2021年期间呈现出显著上升趋势。在国家层面，全球28个国家和地区15-49岁人群生殖器疱疹发病率有显著上升趋势。因此，迫切需要优化生殖器疱疹感染的防控策略，尤其是开发针对单纯疱疹病毒的疫苗。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.214

Associations Between Changes in Physical Activity and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Adults With/Without Hypertension —China, 2010–2022

Xiaoyong He¹; Tingfang Ai¹;Fan Mao¹; Run Zhang¹; Xiaoqing You¹; JianhongLi^1#

1 National Center for Chronic andNoncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for DiseasesControl and Prevention, Beijing, China.

# Corresponding author: Jianhong Li, lijianhong@ncncd.chinacdc.cn.

Hypertension and physical inactivity are leadingcauses of mortality worldwide and contribute substantially to the global burdenof chronic non-communicable diseases. Exploring the association betweenlongitudinal changes in physical activity and mortality among adults in China,especially among hypertensive populations, can provide a scientific referencefor comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases. Baseline datawere obtained from the 2010 China Chronic Disease andRisk Factor Surveillance, of which 20 surveillance sites were followed upfrom 2016 to 2017. Data on all-cause mortality until December 2022 wereobtained from the Cause of Death Reporting System of ChinaCDC. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to evaluate theassociations between changes in physical activity level andall-cause mortality among 7,482 participants. The results indicated thatparticipants who increased their physical activitylevels or maintained their initial moderate or high physicalactivity levels had a lower risk of all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio of all-cause mortality for participantswhose physical activity levels ranged from lowto moderate, low to high, moderate to moderate, moderate to high, and high tohigh were 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.71),0.31 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.64), 0.25 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.47), 0.29 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.51), and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.41), respectively.Additionally, these health benefits of improved physicalactivity levels were more pronounced in those with hypertension (P for interaction <0.001). Thus,encouraging people to increase their physical activity shouldbe accompanied by a greater emphasis on a modest long-term increase inhypertensive patients.

高血压与非高血压人群体力活动变化与全因死亡关系研究—中国, 2010–2022

何晓泳¹；艾婷芳¹；毛凡¹；张润¹；由晓庆¹；李剑虹^1#

中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心，北京，中国。

# 通信作者:李剑虹, lijianhong@ncncd.chinacdc.cn。

高血压和身体活动不足均是全球死亡主要危险因素，造成了慢性病疾病负担很大的一部分。了解我国成人，特别是高血压人群中身体活动的长期变化与死亡的关系，可为实现慢性病的综合防控提供科学依据。因此，本研究以2010年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据为基线，于2016-2017年从其中选取10个省份共20个监测点进行随访，并从国家死因监测系统确定调查对象截至2022年的死亡信息，采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析了7,482名调查对象身体活动水平变化与全因死亡的关系。结果表明与保持低水平身体活动的研究对象相比，提高身体活动水平或保持中高水平的研究对象死亡风险更低，身体活动水平从低到中、低到高、中到中、中到高和高到高的研究对象全因死亡风险比分别为0.36 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.71)、0.31 (95% CI:0.15, 0.64)、0.25 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.47)、0.29 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.51)和0.25 (95% CI:0.16, 0.41)。这些身体活动水平改善的健康获益在高血压患者中更为明显（P交互＜0.001）。因此，鼓励人们增加身体活动的同时，应更加重视高血压患者身体活动水平长期的适度提升。

For more information:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.215.