Digestive diseases (DDs) are a global health concern with a substantial epidemiological and economic impact, given their high prevalence.

This study investigated the trends in mortality related to DDs in China from 1987 to 2021, focusing on the urban-rural divide. Additionally, it aimed to determine the specific impacts of age, period, and cohort on DDs mortality.

There is a need to prioritize and allocate more resources toward the future management of DDs in order to effectively address the challenges posed by urbanization and aging populations.

Diabetes mellitus poses a significant public health concern for older adults in China, resulting in increased mortality rates.

This study investigates the evolving pattern of mortality associated with diabetes mellitus and analyzes the contributions of age, period, and cohort effects from 1987 to 2021. The results demonstrate a consistent rise in diabetes mellitus mortality over the last 30 years, notably in rural regions.

This research offers valuable insights to aid policymakers in developing targeted intervention strategies that address the specific needs of higher-risk populations, such as women, older adults, and individuals in rural areas.

Respiratory diseases (RDs) are the primary cause of death in older adults in China. However, there is limited evidence regarding the disparity in mortality rates of RDs between urban and rural areas among the elderly population.

The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) due to RDs in the elderly population in both urban and rural areas of China has shown a consistent decrease. This trend is observed in both males and females. However, there was no significant change in the average annual percentage of ASMR for pneumonia among the urban elderly population and rural elderly men throughout the study period.

Efforts should be made in China to reduce mortality from chronic lower respiratory disease and pneumonia among the elderly, particularly in urban populations.