[1] Jalali A, Ziapour A, Karimi Z, Rezaei M, Emami B, Kalhori RP, et al. Global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in the elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2024;24(1):809. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05311-8.
[2] Li RY, Zhou XD, Wang XN, Cheng PX, Xu JY, Cao JH, et al. Global burden of depression and anxiety disorders in older adults, 1990-2019: an analysis of age-period-cohort and temporal-spatial patterns. J Affect Disord 2025;383:90 − 100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.04.106.
[3] Liu YX, Xu YL, Yang XY, Miao GM, Wu YH, Yang SJ. The prevalence of anxiety and its key influencing factors among the elderly in China. Front Psychiatry 2023;14:1038049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1038049.
[4] Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16(9):606 − 13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
[5] Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 2006;166(10):1092 − 7. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
[6] Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28(2):193 − 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
[7] Shi WY, Guo MH, Du P, Zhang Y, Wang JN, Li TT, et al. Association of sleep with anxiety in the elderly aged 60 years and older in China. Chin J Epidemiol 2020;41(1):13 − 9. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.01.004.
[8] Shi YG, Liu CJ, Sun XT, Li DD, Wang SY, Zhu XY, et al. Analysis of the current status and associated factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and elderly stroke patients-based on CHARLS data. Front Psychiatry 2025;16:1602287. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1602287.
[9] Shao LP, Zhu XH, Li DL, Wu LY, Lu XJ, Fan YL, et al. Quantifying depressive symptoms on incidence of common chronic diseases and multimorbidity patterns in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. J Psychiatr Res 2024;173:340 − 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.032.
[10] Yuan BB, Balabanova D, Gao J, Tang SL, Guo Y. Strengthening public health services to achieve universal health coverage in China. BMJ 2019;365:l2358. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2358.