What is already known about this topic?

China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths. A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006–2012 substantially reduced measles incidence; however, a resurgence occurred during 2013–2015.

What is added by this report?

In China, measles surveillance, outbreak response, research, and program evaluation were used to strengthen routine immunization and target immunization activities for eliminating measles. Measles incidence declined from 31 per million in 2015 to 2.8 in 2018; only one measles-associated death has been reported during 2018–June 2019.

What are the implications for public health practice?

The World Health Organization–recommended strategy to eliminate measles can be effective, including in large, densely populated countries like China.